UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 747 
Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 
JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief 
Washington, D. C. 
January 9, 1919 
THE ECONOMICAL USE OF FUEL IN 
MILK PLANTS AND CREAMERIES 
By 
JOHN T. BOWEN, Technologist, Dairy Division 
CONTENTS 
Importance of Reducing Waste .... 1 
Comparison of Fuel Consumption in 
Different Creameries 2 
Construction of Boiler Settings .... 6 
Construction of Furnaces 10 
Hand Firing of Boiler Furnaces .... 18 
Air Leaks 23 
Page 
Belt-driven Pumps 26 
Steam Leaks 27 
Heat Losses from Bare Pipe 27 
Selection of Power 28 
Utilizing the Exhaust Steam 31 
Distribution of Heat Energy from Com- 
bustion of Coal 42 
WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1919 
