10 BULLETIN 434, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
lative powers. A spongy, coarse bone is objectionable because it is 
not strong, and is likely to be associated with low vitality and 
general inefficiency. Excessive flesh on a dairy cow while in milk 
indicates that there is not the desired specialization of milking 
function, but rather that the feed is used to produce flesh. The 
flesh should be muscular and free from fat. 
Beginning at the head, the individual parts of the cow will now 
be taken up and an attempt made to describe the desirable form 
which indicates production. 
Fig. 6.— The nature and condition of the digestive organs is revealed in the skin and 
its covering of hair. 
Head. — The heads of the male and female are much the same ex- 
cept that more size and heaviness are expected in that of the former. 
As a whole, the head should have a clean cut outline and be free 
from any coarseness of bone, flesh, or skin. In the bull score card 
more weight is given this part than in the cow score card. This 
is owing to the fact that the general character of the bull and his 
masculinity are evidenced in his head (fig. 7). The main function 
performed by the head is the taking in and mastication of feed. A 
strong, muscular muzzle and jaws indicate ability to handle large 
quantities of feed. The form and quality of face, forehead, eye, and 
horn indicate the nervous energy and refinement essential to pro- 
ductive ability. 
