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BULLETIN 434, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
Checking results. — If time permits, it is well, while the animal is 
before the class, to compare the scores given and discuss its points. 
If there is no further time, the cards may be collected and graded 
by the teacher and then discussed at the next class. A thorough 
discussion of the score given will be very profitable. The teacher 
should not be arbitrary in his judgment, but should make allowance 
for a difference of opinion. 
If the records of production are obtainable they may be used in 
checking the judgment of students as expressed in the scores given. 
Often the farmer, although he does not keep a record, has an accurate 
idea of the worth of his cow. The judgment of the student may be 
compared with the judgment of the farmer. 
Fig. 13. — Large heart girth showing good chest capacity. 
Comparative judging. — The scoring of animals is but preliminary 
to what is now considered to be the more efficient method of judging; 
that of comparison and placing according to merit. The student who 
has used the score card carefully with a number of cows should be 
prepared to take in the general conformation and detect the details 
which indicate the worth of the animal. In trying out the judgment 
of students in comparative judging, usually at first four cows, which 
have marked differences in ability, are chosen. As skill is developed 
animals more nearly equal may be chosen. It is well to have students 
study the market value of dairy cows in the district and place a 
money value on the cows judged. (Fig. 14.) 
Reasons should be required for each placing. The form filled out 
below is suggested for this exercise. Each animal should be num- 
bered or lettered. 
Name of student, John Jones. Date, April 26, 1916. 
Class of animals, Dairy cows. 
