8 BULLETIN 378, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The following quantities to be given daily, evidently taken in part from the 
German article quoted above, are suggested : 
Cattle, 2 pounds per 1,000 pounds, live weight. 
Pigs, | to i pound, according to weight. 
Sheep, 1/10 to 1/5 pound per 100 pounds, live weight. 
Poultry (adult fowls) not more than 10 per cent, and chickens not 
more than 5 per cent of the entire ration. 
In an extensive article 1 on the " Utilization of fish and marine animals as 
sources of oil and manure," attention is drawn to the use of fish meal as a 
cattle food. It is stated that this product has been used with success as a 
supplementary food for stock. According to this notice there are various 
grades of meal now on the English market, which are made from the waste of 
herring, cod, and other fish. 
It is stated 2 that the horned dogfish, Squalus acantJiias, is sometimes dried 
and used for feeding purposes in Scotland, Ireland, Norway, and elsewhere. 
It is stated also that cod meal may be made by simply drying and grinding 
the fish, but that in the case of herring it is necessary to remove most of the 
oil by the usual process of cooking, pressing, and drying. It is further stated 
that a good fish meal for feeding purposes should contain not less than 8.2 per 
cent of nitrogen and not over 5 per cent of oil. 
In a study comparing the relative feeding value of fish and meat meals for 
fattening pigs. G. Martinoli 3 concluded that in fattening pigs from the earliest 
age fish meal proved of value in developing the skeleton and in stimulating 
the appetite and processes of assimilation. The animals fed on fish meal 
grew more rapidly than those fed on meat meal, and they were of superior 
quality. Neither the fish nor the meat meal imparted any particular smell or 
taste to the flesh of the animals. 
In a bulletin from the Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University, 
A. G. Philips 4 gives the results of four experiments, each extending for 
one year, in which the value of meat scrap, fish scrap, and skim milk in 
rations for laying pullets was compared. 
The summary of the results of this work shows that the pullets in the pens 
fed on a ration containing meat scrap averaged 135 eggs per pullet on a food 
consumption of 70.29 pounds per bird, at a cost of 98.4 cents per bird. For the 
fish-scrap pens the average number of eggs was 128 per pullet on a consump- 
tion of 74.13 pounds of food, at a cost of 99.5 cents per bird. The pullets in the 
pens fed on a ration including skim milk, produced an average of 135.4 eggs 
on 157.61 pounds of food consumed, costing $1.10 per bird. 
It was determined that the amount of dry matter in the food required to 
produce one pound of eggs was 3.7 pounds in the meat-scrap pens, 4.02 pounds 
in the fish-scrap pens, 3.7 pounds in the skim-milk pens, and in the control 
pens, receiving none of the above materials, 13.53 pounds. 
The average cost of producing one dozen eggs was 8.5 cents for the pullets 
fed on meat scrap, 9.7 cents for those fed on fish scrap, and 9.7 cents for those 
fed on skim milk. The profit per bird, over the cost of feed, was $1.55 for the 
pullets fed meat scrap, $1.56 for those fed fish scrap, and $1.62 for those fed 
skim milk. 
i Bulletin Imp. Ins., 1914, 12, 429, 442. 
2 Bulletin Imp. Ins., July-Sept, 1914, 12, No. 3. 
3 Rev. Centre Estud. Agron. y Vet., 1914, 7, No. 72, pp. 258-270 ; abstracts in : Internat. 
Inst. Agr. (Rome) ; Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 1915, 6, No. 3, pp. 445-446, 
and Exp. Sta. Record 35, No. 6, p. 571. 
* Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University, Bulletin 182, 18, Nov., 1915. 
" Poultry Investigations : I, The value of meat scrap, fish scrap and skim milk in 
rations for laying pullets." 
