FIVE ORIENTAL SPECIES OF BEANS. ike 
mung bear was well known previous to Linnzus’s time, having been 
described by various botanists and well figured by Dillenius (1732, 
p. 815). Strangely enough Linnezus never gave a binomial name to 
the mung, through having confused it with the urd and even with 
the soy bean. 
Phaseolus max L. (Linné, 1753, p. 725), which by some botanists has 
been supposed to refer to the urd, is really the soy bean, as clearly 
shown by Linnzeus’s original specimen, which still exists. In naming 
this plant Linnzeus evidently was under the impression that it was the 
max of Arabia described by Avicenna. Maz is merely a modification 
of mash, under which name the mung is generally known in western 
Asia. While Linneus, therefore, intended the name Phaseolus maz 
to apply to the mung, the plant he actually described is the soy bean, 
and the name therefore belongs with the latter plant. 
Phaseolus mungo L. (Linné, 1767, p. 101). There is no specimen 
in the Linnean herbarium representing this name. Linneus’s 
description, however, is long and detailed, based on plants grown in 
the greenhouse at Upsala. From the specific name used, Linneus 
evidently thought that his plant was the mung bean, but the descrip- 
tion much more clearly accords with the tikari, a form of the urd, as 
Prain has previously pointed out (1897, p. 422). 
Phaseolus radiatus L. (Linné, 1753, p. 725). The original specimen 
of this plant was grown in the greenhouse at Upsala from seeds ob- 
tained from Canton, China. . This name has been supposed by nearly 
all botanists to stand for the mung bean. This is due to the fact that 
when Linneus named the plant in 1753 he cited the illustration and 
description of Dillenius (1732, p. 315, pl. 235, fig. 304). He even took 
the name radiatus from Dillenius’s description. Unfortunately, 
however, Dillenius’s plant, which is the mung, is not the same as the 
plant which Linneus grew in the garden at Upsala and which forms 
the type of his Phaseolus radiatus. This plant, in the opinion of the 
botanists at Kew, is the same as that later named P. sublobatus Rox- 
burgh. It thus appears that there is no botanical name given by 
Linneus that can properly be applied to the mung bean. 
Roxburgh in 1832 described and named a number of the species 
and varieties of Phaseolus grown in India. He changed the applica- 
tion of Linneus’s names in several respects, applying the name P. 
mungo to the green-seeded mung, P. maz to the black-seeded mung, 
and P. radiatus to the urd. These changed applications of Roxburgh 
can not be accepted. He also named the golden-seeded mung P. 
aureus (1832, p. 297). This last name is therefore the first published 
binomial which properly belongs with the mung and which must be 
accepted as its proper botanical designation, notwithstanding the fact 
that Roxburgh meant it to apply only to the variety with yellow 
seeds. 
