SHIPMENT OF ORANGES FROM FLORIDA. 21 
The figures are interesting and important because of the fact that the pickers in 
one crew were paid by the day while those in the other crew were paid by the box. 
It will be noted that there is practically no difference in the average percentages of 
imperfections in these two crews. In crew No. 1 the foreman was such in name only. 
He made no examination of the work of the men under his charge, and his own work 
was shown by inspection (he was picker No. 1) to be the poorest in the crew. He 
showed i.l per cent clipper cuts and 33.4 per cent long stems. 
The pickers in crew No. 2, who were paid by the box, were not working with 
sufficient care to avoid all injury to the skin, yet the average of imperfections in 
the work of this crew was no greater than in the work done by crew No. 1, which 
was paid by the day. The simple change from the box-payment to the day-payment 
plan is insufficient, therefore, to bring about careful work. There must be an efficient 
r/c/<£~r<? do/ no best work. 
PAID 
P/CXER er 
CLIPPER 
COTS 
/.OA/3 
STEMS 
PULLED 
W?) 
da r o.o % 
"o.o % 
w o.o% 
<2 
BOX 0.0% 
o.o% 
0.0% 
3 
DAr o.o% 
0.0% 
W/.3% 
^ 
BOX \0.5Yo 
o.o% 
0.0% 
5 
BOX \0.6% 
o.o% 
o.o% 
6 
DAr\0.6°/o 
O.OYo 
o.o% 
7 
DAr \0.7% 
0.0% 
o.o% 
AVERAGE\0.4 Y» 
Q.0% 
\0.2% 
boxMWBBBL 
R/C/<LTRS 
OO/A/G 
POOREST 
WORK. 
A/? / 
■■■■■■<?// °/c 
73.5% 0.0% 
2 
box MMWKM 
m*2s.4% 
UlL^UU 
2/5 % 
Wk3.2Yo 
3 
box WHMMM 
VM24.oy 
%2?y 
93.5%, 
\0.4 Yo 
4 
BOxWB&EBk 
\/8.6y„ 
H 30 # "/- 
5 
box HHI /o. 
BOX M\4--3y a 
DAr o.o. % 
3% 
38.5 Yo 
56.5% 
■ 8 % 
6 
7 
HH<£0% 
MB 5.6 Yo 
/41/EPA6E HHWN /e. / Yo laHBSSSnHKHi <?5 <? Yo Ws-3 Yo 
Fig. 6. — Diagram illustrating the percentage of imperfections in the work of seven pickers doing the 
best work and seven pickers doing the poorest work, 1910-11. 
field foreman whose duty it is to supervise the different pickers and who must be 
capable of obtaining good work from them. He should watch carefully the output 
of every laborer under his charge, should follow them to see what each is doing, and 
should insist upon careful handling. It is practically impossible for him to carry 
out these arduous duties if, in addition, he must pick fruit. It will be found 
profitable to engage a foreman solely for the purpose of supervising the crew and to 
insist that he give his entire attention to this work; if necessary, he should be pro- 
hibited from picking any fruit. 
The variation in the work done by different individuals is further emphasized by 
the percentages shown in Table V and the accompanying diagram (fig. 6). The 
average of the best seven pickers is practically perfect, while the average of the seven 
pickers doing the most careless work shows a very high percentage of imperfections 
of various kinds. 
