SHIPMENT OF ORANGES FROM FLORIDA. 
27 
Table IX. — Blue-mold decay after holding oranges, washed and not washed, two weeks 
in packing house; summary of all shipments, 19 10-1 l. 1 
Treatment. 
Careful 
pick and 
pack. 
Commer- 
cial pick 
and pack. 
Per cent. 
1.0 
4.1 
Per cent. 
3.6 
10.2 
i Results of 37 experiments in 32 packing houses, in which 13 different types of washers were used. 
Table X and its accompanying diagram (fig. 11) show the wide variation in the 
amount of decay found in five houses selected for careful work, as compared with five 
houses chosen for rather careless work. While the average percentages of decay in 
the washed fruit of the five better houses were only slightly higher than the percentages 
of decay in the fruit not washed, it will be noted that the cleaning operations in the 
five careless houses increased the amount of decay to a material extent, even in the 
carefully picked and packed fruit. The significant point to be noted in these results 
is that the washing operations were conducted in the careful houses in such a way 
that little or no harm ensued, while in the more careless .houses they were followed 
by serious injury. It is impossible to state definitely whether this result was due 
to the use of different types 
5 HOUSFS SHOW/AJG £OW OSC^Ay 
A/or wASHso §0.3% 
WASHFO \\0.6% 
HOT WASH£Q\ 
WASH£0\ 
Srtou-S£iS *s/-/ow/a/g ///g>/ o^CAy 
\24.3% 
of machines or to the more 
careful operation of the 
machinery in the five best 
packing houses. It is 
probable, however, that 
both factors were in some 
degree responsible. Ob- 
servation has shown that 
careless manipulation of 
the best machinery is fre- 
quently followed by as serious deterioration of the fruit as is the careful handling 
of less desirable types of machines. 
Table X. — Blue-mold decay after holding oranges, washed and not washed, two weeks in 
a packing house, showing high and low decay in fruit carefully handled and commercially 
handled, 1910-11. 
Fig. 11. — Diagram illustrating the percentage of blue-mold decay- ap- 
pearing after holding oranges, washed and not washed, for two weeks 
in a packing house, showing high compared with low decay in care- 
fully handled and commercially handled fruit. 
Packing houses and treat- 
ment. 
Careful 
pick and 
pack. 
Commer- 
cial pick 
and pack. 
Packing houses and treat- 
ment. 
Careful 
pick and 
pack. 
Commer- 
cial pick 
and pack. 
5 houses showing low decay: 
Per cent. 
0.3 
.6 
Per cent. 
0.9 
1.9 
5 houses showing high decay: 
Per cent. 
1.3 
10.7 
Per cent. 
7.1 
24.3 
In order to bring out the relationship between field handling and packing-house 
management, Table XI and its accompanying diagram (fig. 12) are presented. These 
give the results of experiments made at the same time in two houses in the same local- 
ity, the character of fruit handled in both houses being practically identical. Obser- 
vation showed that the work of house No. 1 was careless, while in house No. 2 system- 
atic management and careful methods prevailed. That the character of the fruit was 
the same is shown by the fact that the lots carefully picked and not washed showed a 
minimum percentage of decay in both cases. The fruit was held two weeks after 
