CONTROL OF GIPSY MOTH BY FOREST MANAGEMENT. 43 
STAND AT NORTH BERWICK, MAINE. 
MANAGEMENT OF A TYPICAL STAND OF NORTHERN HARDWOODS WITH NO WHITE OAK. 
This lot, 4 miles from a prosperous manufacturing town, while 
within the white-pine region, had a stand characteristic of the 
northern hardwoods region. It contained 14 species of trees on 3.4 
acres, but 98 per cent consisted of the following nine species in the 
proportions indicated : 
Per cent. | Per cent. 
AERC C10) 21 ee aaa esa oe, Pah PB) os aN cl Caf Orff «Menus Pe nant Aa + 
PAD CRO HIE nore tee es eR ASSN Ms Wane GCS) GO, Vent 0) W260 MRSS A ane alse 3 
Ge Cnc Mite red Cae 6 EA PRS Ay ab Op WNORMDE ATI ork 2 AES eee 16 
Vern 0 eaten nya enc Ey SS a 4} = 
| Beye 1) 30.018 0) Pes elms li a ecg ae GU as 8 Nine ‘species i) Sh wae pie DOS 
Sue eareiiradeany le Mea nee ale UCR a TEE 14 | 
The soil is a sandy loam, deep and well drained. The surface is 
very uneven, steep in places and thickly covered with large stones 
and small boulders. 
The trees averaged 6.5 inches in diameter, breast high, but varied 
greatly in size, the average for the different species ranging from 3 
to 15.2 inches, with a few individual trees ranging up to 31 inches in 
diameter. The gipsy-moth infestation in 1913 was exceedingly light, 
only one egg cluster per acre, and had not increased much by 1915, 
although in that year other woodlots in the neighborhood were 
severely defoliated. 
Under present economic conditions: the general application of - 
forest management to such lots as this is not to be expected, but the 
possibility of controlling the gipsy moth by this means is considered 
here, to complete the comparison between typical stands found 
within the white-pine region, and for its possible application in 
special cases. The Class I trees (favored food of the caterpillars) are 
red oak, paper birch, and beech. Of these beech is the least valuable 
commercially, unless there happens to be a local demand for the wood, 
but it is the most desirable from the standpoint of gipsy-moth control. 
As a result of his observations, Mosher draws this conclusion: “ It is 
\ evident that the beech must be associated in a mixture with one or 
more favored species in order that the gipsy moth may reproduce 
normally.” 
Anything which adversely affects the normal reproduction of the 
moth is of value as a control measure. Mosher’s conclusion as to 
beech would place it for purposes of control by forest management 
among Class III trees, especially if other Class I trees were removed 
from the stand. It should also be remembered, in this connection, 
that there is a wide range in susceptibility to gipsy-moth attack, not 
