CONTROL OF GIPSY MOTH BY FOREST MANAGEMENT. Al 
The other 11 species, some of them important as timber trees and 
some from the standpoint of moth resistance, were represented on 
this lot by too few trees to be important in any plan of management. 
The soil is good, a brown sandy loam, deep, moist, and well 
drained, and the lot is level, except for a small area where water 
stands late into the spring. It is free from rock or loose stones. 
When the demand for agricultural land increases sufficiently this 
lot undoubtedly will again be cleared and cultivated. The trees 
averaged 4.9 inches in diameter breast high, the same as the Dover 
stand, but this area was poorly stocked, the stand being very dense 
in some places and much too open in others, with an average of 321 
trees per acre. The infestation by the gipsy moth was very severe in 
1913. Several of the white pines were almost bare, with the needles 
eaten back almost to the sheath. Others were from one-half to three- 
fourths defoliated. 
The present growth is very irregular in size, and if the stand were 
not infested it is not hkely that any owner would consider forest 
management or would cut the lot before 20 years from now, at which 
time the hardwoods could be cut clear without loss, although the 
product would be only cordwood. But if management were begun 
now the object would be to get rid of the less valuable hardwoods, 
especially gray birch, and release the pine and more valuable hard- 
woods by thinning. | 
Since the stand was infested and Class I trees (most favored food 
of the caterpillars) formed only 45 per cent of the stand, to cut clear 
now, aS was recommended in the stands previously discussed, would 
be an unnecessary waste of good species well started. Nor can suc- 
cessive cuttings be recommended in stands of this character. If the 
danger of soil exposure were serious enough to warrant the ex- 
pense, the Class I trees might be removed in two successive cuttings 
as previously described; but when, as in this case, 55 per cent of the 
stand consists of trees in Classes II, III, and IV, the soil exposure, 
considering the small area involved, would probably not be a con- 
trolling factor. 
Gipsy-moth cutting —Immediate protection against further dam- 
age by the gipsy moth can be secured by what may be called a 
“ oipsy-moth cutting.” 
In its effect upon tree species which are favored food of gipsy- 
moth caterpillars this resembles a damage cutting in that silvicul- 
tural considerations are wholly disregarded as far.as these species 
are concerned. All Class I trees of whatever species are removed, 
whether of merchantable size or not. At the same time any dead 
trees are cut, and a light thinning, combined with a liberation 
cutting, is made in the trees of Classes II, III, and IV. To be 
effective this must be followed by planting some moth-resistant 
a 
