32 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN NO. 484. 
original stand, leaving the Class III and Class IV trees. The white 
pines of the original stand will be large enough to cut profitably at 
this time, but might better be left as standards to supply some extra- 
large material in the final cutting of the planted stand. 
The product of the first cutting will be cordwood, about 8 or 9 
cords per acre, worth not more than $2.50 per cord on the lot. In 
addition there will be 3 or 4 cords of poor cordwood, probably worth 
about what it cost to cut or a little less. The product of the second 
cutting will depend upon when the cutting is made. There will be 
only cordwood unless the cutting is delayed for 40 to 50 years, or 
until the stand is 70 to 80 years old, in which case material of larger 
dimensions can be obtained. 
After the second cutting some additional planting will probably be ~ 
necessary to replace trees of the first planting which have died or 
have been destroyed in the second cutting. The number required 
should not exceed 300 per acre. 
The cost of the first cutting will be about $1.50 per cord and of 
the second about $2 per cord. 
The first planting, including stock, will cost about $15 per acre, 
and the second planting $4 or $5 per acre. The higher cost, as com- 
pared with planting after clear cutting, is due to the need of going 
over the ground twice and to the care necessary to avoid damage to 
young growth when the two plantings are made. 
A cleaning the first year after the first cutting will require four 
or five hours’ labor per acre of a careful man; and the cost will de- 
pend, of course, upon whether the owner does the work himself, has 
such a man available, or must employ one especially for the work. 
Later cleanings after the first cutting and the two biennial clean- 
ings after the second cutting are each likely to require somewhat more 
time, as greater care will be needed to avoid doing damage to planted 
stock, but six to eight hours per acre should sufiice. . 
The result will be, if fires are excluded, a moth-resistant stand of a 
composition dependent upon the species selected for planting. 
The cost of either plan would be heavy, and for most owners, 
especially if applied to large areas, it would be prohibitive. But 
where the infestation is severe either plan of management offers 
improved conditions at less expense than spraying for five years at 
$15 per acre. 5 ; 
With a good cordwood market the first plan, clear cutting, should 
yield a slight margin of profit over all costs. The second plan in- 
volves a considerable investment without any net returns up to the 
time the conversion from a susceptible to a resistant stand is com- 
pleted. 
Where the moth is present in large numbers this should be compared 
with the cost of spraying and creosoting, and the net cost of convert- 
