98 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN NO. 484. 
Until this is done no attempt should be made to eliminate white 
cedar from such sites for, in spite of its very slow growth, it is there, 
on account of its adaptability to the site, a controlling tree. Its cones 
mature at the end of the first season and persist through the winter. 
White cedar readily starts from seed and should be managed by clear 
cutting in small groups or in strips not wide enough to offer much 
danger from windfall. 
TYPICAL STANDS. 
Having now considered the factors involved in any attempt to 
control the gipsy moth by forest management, let us see how they 
apply in typical stands. 
The stands previously mentioned will. be discussed in the order 
given on page 19, and readers should remember that any general 
_ statement or suggestion referring to a class is intended to apply to 
that class as represented in the stand then under consideration and 
may not be applicable to the species composing the class when found 
in other stands, especially if they occur there in different proportions. 
STAND AT DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF -A TYPICAL MIXED OAK STAND WITH ABOUT FOUR-TENTHS 
WHITE OAK. 
The woodlot contained eight species on 1 acre, but since red. 
white, and black oak together constituted 94 per cent of the whole, 
it may be considered from the standpoint of management as a mixed 
oak stand. It is on good soil, a hight, brown, sandy loam, not as deep 
as that of the Exeter plot, but moist and well drained. It is under- 
lain by gray granite ledges which outcrop in a few places but occupy 
less than 1 per cent cf the area. The-surface is free from loose stones, 
but there is one large granite boulder. The trees averaged 4.9 inches 
in diameter breast high and, excepting the white pines, were about 30 
years old. ; ; 
The infestation by the gipsy moth was first found near this lot in 
1905, and in 1913 the egg clusters present on this area were estimated 
at 15,000 per acre, and defoliation was heavy. 
If the stand were not infested it could be handled as a sprout 
forest? on a rotation of 70 to 80 years, with several thinnings. The 
thinnings should yield enough cordwood to pay for them, and the 
final product, cut 40 or 50 years from now, would be good oak timber. 
Tt has been the practice in eastern Massachusetts, in town, State, 
and Federal work, and by some owners of heavily infested stands of 
this character, to remove all dead trees and as much undergrowth as 
1Simple coppice system. 
