CONTROL OF GIPSY MOTH BY FOREST MANAGEMENT. 25 
Androscoggin and along the Saco River; 1in New Hampshire on the 
Saco watershed, especially around Silver Lake in Madison and near 
Ossipee Lake;? in Massachusetts on Cape Cod. It is also found in 
Connecticut, outside the white-pine region, on the sand plains of the 
lower Connecticut Valley.* 
WHITE PINE. 
White pine is adaptable to many sites, dry or moist, poor or good. 
Its seedlings do not often survive if they germinate either in the 
open or under a heavy shade. They do best under a light shade, 
such as that of gray birch or aspen, and will persist there until the 
older hardwood trees die or are passed by the pine. These qualities 
and its very rapid growth make white pine a controlling tree when 
its seedlings occupy the ground beneath gray birch or aspen, or 
when older pines are mixed with other hardwoods of less or of 
equal height. Unlike the pitch pine, abundant seed crops of white 
pine are produced only at irregular intervals of four to seven years. 
This irregularity and the generally unsuccessful attempts to secure 
natural reproduction make white-pine seed trees on or near the 
lot of much less practical importance than would be supposed from 
reading existing literature on the subject, though if such seed trees 
are present, and the stand is cut in a white-pine seed year, a new 
stand of white pine may occasionally be secured by natural seeding.* 
RED MAPLE. 
Red maple is found throughout the white-pine region, often pure 
in swamps or scattered there, or even on dry uplands. Reproduc- 
tion is good, for this species produces abundant seed crops every 
year which ripen in the spring, and when cut, the stumps sprout 
vigorously. In the wettest swamps it grows more rapidly than any 
other hardwood species and when found pure on such sites is a 
controlling tree. Such stands should be managed to produce cord- 
wood, by clear cutting, with sprout reproduction, on a rotation of 
00 to 30 years. 
SUGAR MAPLE. 
In eastern Canada and in the northern hardwoods region of New 
England sugar maple is an important species. In the white-pine 
region ‘only scattered individuals are found except in southern 
Maine and southern New Hampshire. There the tree is more com- 
mon in the woods, and some “sugar orchards” are found. Its seed 
1Maine Forest Commissioners 1906 Report, page 9. 
2N. H. Forestry Commission Report for 1903-4, pages 61, 68. 
8 Hawley & Hawes, Op. cit., p. 42. 
4The susceptibility of white pine to the nite. -pine blister rust is another factor that 
must be considered in this connection. See comment on page 40. 
643860°—Bull. 484—17-__4 
