CEREAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE NEPHI SUBSTATION. 25 
Ratio of grain to straw.—Table X shows the existence of a re- 
markably close ratio of grain to straw among the winter-wheat 
varieties at Nephi. In most cases only about a pound of straw 
was produced with each pound of grain. This ratio varied some- 
what each year, depending upon the time of planting, amount of 
fall growth made, and the climatic conditions of the growing season. 
In 1908 the average ratio for all varieties was 1 to 1.21; in 1909 it 
was 1 to 1.03; in 1910 it was 1 to 1.25; in 1911, 1 to 1.01; and in 
1912 it was 1 to 1.03. 
Bushel weight.—The average bushel weight for ail varieties of 
winter wheat grown at Nephi in 1908 was 59 pounds. In 1909 it 
was 56.6 pounds; in 1910 it was 59.8 pounds; in 1911 it was 62 
pounds; and in .1912, 62.5 pounds. The average bushel weight of 
all varieties for the 5-year period, as shown in the last column of 
Table X, is 61.4 pounds, or 1.4 pounds above the standard weight. 
Each year the weights were determined after the grain had been 
cleaned. 
SPRING WHEATS. 
Previous publications’ already have shown the superiority of 
winter wheats over spring wheats at Nephi, and it is generally under- 
stood that spring wheats are unprofitable in the Mountain States. 
For this reason spring wheats have occupied a minor position in the 
work of the Nephi substation. From 1904 to 1907, inclusive, only 
four varieties were tested. These were all durum varieties (Kahla, 
Adjini, Medeah, and Mohamed ben Bachir), and during that period 
the average yield obtained was 12.48 bushels per acre. In 1908 the 
Medeah variety was discarded and the Kubanka (C. I. 1440) variety 
was added. In the same year five varieties of common spring wheats 
were introduced. Jn 1910 all of the varieties were so nearly failures 
that the common spring wheats were discarded. Since the durum 
varieties showed less serious effects from the drought of 1910, they 
were continued, but were discarded at the close of the season of 1912. 
A summary of the yields obtained in the tests with spring wheats 
since 1908 is presented in Table XI. 
1 Jardine, W.M. Arid farming investigations. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 100. 
Farrell, F. D. Dry-land grains in the Great Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant 
Industry, Circular 61, p. 10-11, 1910. 
9679°—Bull. 30—13——_4 
