CEREAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE NEPHI SUBSTATION. 81 
As shown above, the average yields of the spring barleys for the 
last three years tested were very low. The yields for 1909 and 1910, 
when compared with those of the winter varieties for the same period, 
show the superiority of the winter type. Then, too, the spring 
varieties had a much shorter straw and for this reason were very 
difficult to harvest with the binder. 
Fall-planted spring varieties —Eleven varieties of spring barley, 
which had been grown several seasons as winter varieties at Arlington 
Farm, Virginia, by Mr. H. B. Derr, of the Office of Cereal Investiga- 
tions, were planted at Nephi in the fall of 1911. The names and 
Cereal Investigation numbers of the varieties planted are as follows: 
Hybrid (648), Black Hull-less (618), Gatami (575), Pedigreed Cheva- 
hier (156), Orel (851), Hannchen (531), Hybrid (647), Bavarian (159), 
Princess (193), Hankau (197), and Turkestan (711). The Gatami, 
a black variety, gave the best yield, 5.7 bushels per acre. Some 
varieties were complete failures, while others ranged in yield per 
acre from 0.6 of a bushel to 4 bushels. 
EMMER. 
Extensive tests with emmer have been confined to winter varieties. 
Though spring varieties have been tested to some extent, they have 
not given as great promise of being successful as have the winter 
varieties. Of these, only one (Black Winter) has been tested in the 
plats. This one has received considerable attention, and the results 
of the tests are here reported. 
Since 1908 Black Winter emmer (C. I. No. 2337) has been tested 
rather extensively at the substation. During that time it has ex- 
hibited a number of qualities which are desirable in dry-land grains. 
It has shown a good percentage of winter survival; it has headed and 
ripened uniformly; it has attained a good height; and it has yielded 
very satisfactorily. In every significant respect it has shown itself 
to be adapted to conditions at Nephi, and it is believed that this 
emmer will prove a valuable crop on the dry farms of the Mountain 
States. 
The average. stand of Black Winter emmer at Nephi during the 
past five years is 121,000 plants per acre. The winter survival, which 
this stand represents, is considerably above the average for winter 
wheats. It has been a little later in heading and ripening than the 
winter wheats, but 1t has grown about 6 inches taller. In 1908 the 
yield per acre was 41.33 bushels; in 1909 it was 42.88 bushels (aver- 
age of two plats); in 1910 it was 32 bushels; in 1911 it was 57.30 
bushels; and in 1912 an average of five plats gave a yield of 25.50 
bushels per acre. The grain, with kernels still inclosed in the glumes, 
1Farmers’ Bulletins 139 and 466 describe emmer and discuss its adaptation, characteristics, and value 
as a stock feed. 
