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CEREAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE NEPHI SUBSTATION. 39 
It is of interest to note that the thickest seedings resulted in the high- 
est yields in all cases; also, that the common variety was generally 
better than the durum variety. 
WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES. . 
The two varieties of winter wheat used for tests during 1910 to 
1912, inclusive, were Koffoid (C. I. No. 2997) and Turkey (C. I. No. 
2998). The Koffoid variety is beardless, with hght-brown chaff and 
large, soft, white kernels. The Turkey variety is bearded, with 
white chaff and medium, hard, red kernels. Some difficulty was 
experienced in grading these varieties, as was the case with the 
spring wheats. A summary of the results obtained is presented in 
Table XVI. The essential difference between this table and the 
preceding one is that this is a summary of three years while the other 
was a summary of but-one. The average length of heads, also, has 
been added in Table XVI. The figures for each year represent an 
average of three rows. The averages, then, represent an average of 
three rows for three years. In the right-hand column are given for 
each size of seed the average results for all rates of seeding for three 
years. A summary of the averages presented in the table is also 
given, which will facilitate the making of comparisons. 
Table XVI shows that the percentage of survival from the different 
sizes of seed varied widely during the 3-year test. The relative value 
of the different grades would change each year if based on percentage 
of winter survival. This behavior resulted in averages which showed 
no great differences. The medium-sized seed of the Koffoid variety 
gave the highest average, while with the Turkey the small seed gave 
the highest average. The original unseparated seed of the Koffoid 
was low in percentage of survival, while that of the Turkey was high. 
The large seed of both varieties gave a relatively low percentage of 
survival. In average number of plants maturing, the relative value 
of the different grades was about the same as in percentage of 
survival. 
In average number of heads per plant the large seed showed the 
greatest value. In this respect the large seed of both varieties led 
in almost every instance. The small seed and the original bulk seed 
were practically equal in average number of heads produced per 
plant, and both grades were lower in average than the medium size 
of seed. The rate of seeding was an effective factor in determining 
the number of heads per plant. This was lowest where the plants 
were 2 inches apart in the row. Between the 2-inch and the 6-inch 
rates of seeding there was a gradual increase in the number of heads 
per plant. But after the 6-inch rate the number of heads per plant 
remained about the same for all subsequent rates. From this it seems 
that the 6-inch rate allows sufficient space in the row for winter wheat 
to reach its greatest efficiency in tillering. 
