GROWING SUGAR BEETS IN CALIFORNIA. 
23 
vating done under contract by Japanese, the horses and implements 
being provided by the grower. 
Table XVI. — Cultivating. 
District. 
Number 
of 
records. 
Per cent 
of total 
records. 
Acres in beets per 
farm. 
Times 
culti- 
vated. 
Hours of labor 
per acre. 
Labor 
cost per 
. Total. 
Cultivated. 
Man. 
Horse. 
acre. 
Los Angeles 
81 
45 
26 
100 
100 
67 
95.20 
62.47 
85.62 
95.20 
62.47 
85.62 
4.72 
3.73 
1.50 
4.54 
3.78 
1.47 
9.08 
7.56 
2.94 
$1.82 
1.55 
.60 
There is no apparent reason for the relatively few cultivations 
given on the Salinas farms. It would seem that somewhat mjore 
intensive cultivation throughout the growing period would be neces- 
sary to control weed growth effectively. 
In all districts special 4-row riding cultivators and 2-horse teams 
were used. 
HAND LABOR. 
The hand labor includes such work as thinning, weeding, hoeing, 
pulling, topping, and loading. These operations are done on a con- 
tract basis. In some cases all of the hand labor is handled under one 
contract. Some growers use two contracts, the first taking care of 
the thinning, weeding, and hoeing and the second dealing with the 
pulling, topping, and loading. 1 
*A contract embracing all hand labor is given herewith for the purpose of illustration : 
This agreement, made and entered into between , party of the first part, and 
. party of the second part, 
Witnesseth ; That, for and in consideration of the covenants hereinafter contained on 
the part of the first party, the party of the second part agrees, at different times and 
in the manner prescribed by the party of the first part to thin out, hoe, clean between 
the beets in the row and keep said beets free from weeds until they are harvested, and 
top and load said beets into wagons, a portion or portions, to be assigned hereafter, of 
sugar beets planted by party of the first part on land described as follows : 
The party of the second part further agrees as follows : 
1. To commence thinning beets within 24 hours after verbal notice given by the 
party of the first part, and to complete the thinning before the said beets shall have 
four leaves well developed. 
2. To thin out beets to inches apart in the rows and to leave no more than 
one beet to each inches in the row. While thinning to hoe, with hand hoe, two 
inches on each side of the beet row as well as between the beets in the row so that the 
soil will be thoroughly cultivated and all the weeds totally destroyed. 
3. To do the thinning and weeding above mentioned in proper and farmerlike man- 
ner and to the satisfaction of the party of the first part. 
4. Within 24 hours after verbal notice given by the party of the first part to pull, 
shake free from adhering earth, top and load beets into wagons ; beets to be topped 
cleanly and squarely with one blow of the knife at base of bottom or last leaves. Beets 
will be carefully plowed out by party of the first part, but any beets not loosened by the 
plow shall be dug out by party of the second part. 
5. When beets are plowed, party of the second part shall top and load into wagons 
as many tons of beets each day as party of the first part shall be required to deliver to 
the sugar factory. 
6. Party of the second part agrees to personally superintend all the work above 
described and to have it done to the satisfaction of the party of the first part. 
It is further agreed that if the party of the second part shall neglect or refuse to 
perform any of the above operations at the time set, or in the manner prescribed by the 
party of the first part, then the party of the first part shall have the right and option 
to cancel this contract, and any money that may have become due to the party of the 
second part on account of thinning, hoeing, topping, or loading done shall be forfeited 
to the party of the first part, or it shall be optional with the party of the first part to 
