FARM MANAGEMENT STUDY OF COTTON FARMS. 3 
lord or operator also furnishes the teams and equipment necessary 
for the cultivation of the cropper's crops and pays for the ginning 
of one-half the cotton. In the case of the independent cropper the 
latter is the manager or operator of the whole farm. In other cases 
the cropper occupies only a portion of the farm and is supervised to 
a greater or lesser extent by the owner operator. 
Owner, "part rented out. — Several farms were found in the survey 
in which a part of the land owned by the operators was rented out. 
Such farms are classified as " owner, part rented out," but for the 
purpose of this survey this land that was rented out was entirely 
eliminated from the business of the owners. 
Available daijs. — Records were obtained from 28 farms, showing 
the number of days, by months, that it was possible to do field work. 
These records were averaged, from which it was found that 211 days 
per year could be utilized for field labor. 
AY age labor. — This term is used to designate the hired or paid 
labor per farm as distinct from the labor performed by the operator 
himself, or that of his family, or labor performed by croppers. The 
term " owner-wage " indicates that a farm is operated by its owner 
with wage labor and without cropper labor. 
Man-labor cost. — This cost is composed of four component parts, 
namely, cost of hired or paid labor, value of family labor, whether 
actually paid for or not, value of the operator's own labor, and value 
of rations bought for or furnished to laborers. 
Diversity index. — In order to ascertain to what degree diversifica- 
tion of enterprise is justified by local experience, it is desirable to 
have a definite means of measuring the degree of diversification on a 
farm. Such a measure may be determined as follows: First, find 
the sum of the magnitudes of all the farm enterprises (cost of pro- 
duction was used as representing magnitude), divide the magnitude 
of each enterprise by the sum above mentioned, square each of the 
quotients, and divide unity by the sum of these squares. The result 
is the diversity index. 
Animal unit. — An animal unit is a mature horse or cow or as many 
smaller animals as required the equivalent in feed of a horse or cow, 
namely, 2 head of young cattle or colts, 5 hogs, 10 pigs, 7 sheep, or 
100 hens. 
Farm income. — The farm income is the difference between the total 
receipts and total expenses of the farm, not including interest on 
investment and value of operator's labor. 
Income above rent. — This income is the amount that the operator 
actually receives for his labor after deducting the rent of the land 
and interest on his working capital, this interest being computed on 
the basis of the current rate of interest on vendor's lien notes, which is 
