22 BULLETIN 659, V. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
Value of family labor per cropper §179 
Cost of hired labor per cropper 73 
Interest on cash to operate per cropper 13 
Ginning cost per cropper 84 
Total expenses per cropper . 349 
Net income per cropper 553 
Estimated value of cropper's own labor 228 
Profit to cropper over value of his labor 325 
Table IX shows the distribution and summary of the cropper's 
expenses and receipts. The difference between cropper's receipts and 
expenses amounts to $553, which he receives for his labor. Deduct- 
ing the average estimated value of the cropper's labor at current 
wage rates his profit is $325. He receives this amount partly to 
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1 
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Fig. 5. — Farm residence of a large land owner. 
cover risk on his share of the crop, and partly because he requires 
less supervision than the hired laborer. 
In figure 4 is shown a farmstead typical of rented farms in Ellis 
County. Figure 5 shows a representative owner's residence. 
CONVERTED TENURES. 
In order to have a sufficient number of farms in each of several 
groups to determine the effect of various factors on farm practice, 
efficiency, etc., it was necessary to eliminate the factor of tenure 
after the foregoing tables had been compiled. This was accom- 
plished by eliminating all transactions between landlord and tenant. 
All farms not operated by their owners were converted to the basis 
of working owners by charging the tenants with the value of the 
