6 BULLETIN 935, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
and shipped under option 1. Shippers have the privilege of two 
options, known as option 1 and option 2. Shipped under option 1, 
a car moves at the shipper's risk ; under option 2, at the carrier's risk. 
Prior to the fall of 1918 an average carload consisted of 630 boxes, 
but during the last two years 756 boxes to the car were considered a 
minimum load. 
Storage facilities at points en route and at final destinations dur- 
ing recent seasons have been taxed to their limits. Eastern cold 
storages, 7 which include plants in the producing sections of New 
York State, where many boxed apples are stored, show by their 
reports on December 1 that they accommodated nearly twice as many 
cars in 1919 as in the previous year. At points in the Southern 
States 7 the increase over 1918 was about one-third. In the Middle 
Western States, 7 which include large centers of consumption and 
distribution, such as Chicago and Cincinnati, cold-storage holdings 
in 1919 doubled the 1918 holdings, and in the Southwestern States 7 
holdings of boxed apples in cold storage were also greater than ever 
before. 
RATE OF MOVEMENT. 
The Pacific Northwest is now one of the most influential factors in 
the apple production of the country. 8 The final reports of apple 
shipments for the United States during the 1919-20 season show the 
heaviest movement in the history of the apple industry. The ship- 
ments from the Pacific Northwest, shown graphically 9 for the last 
four years, clearly indicate the influence of shipments from that sec- 
tion on the total movement of the country. The peak shipments for 
the United States and for the Pacific Northwest occur between the 
15th and 25th of October. In 1919 the peak for the Northwest was 
reached on October IT, when 516 cars were billed. 
Every effort is made to place as many apples as possible in storage 
at diverting points and final destinations before the extreme cold 
weather sets in, and it will be noticed that the movement is more uni- 
form and gradual after the middle of December. 
The movement during the 1919-20 season was restricted and ham- 
pered by the generally congested conditions and an insufficient num- 
ber of cars. Usually, practically all early varieties are shipped 
before December, when the movement of Winesaps begins, but in 
the 1919-20 season the Rome Beauty and even some Jonathan and 
Delicious varieties were not shipped until January. The movement 
of Winesaps did not begin until very late, and comparatively large 
quantities of this variety were still in common storage after the latter 
part of March. 
Washington has made a steady and rapid increase in production, 
and in 1.91.9 this State alone produced more apples than any other 
T See Exhibit No. 5, p. 19. 8 See Exhibit No. 6, p. 19. ° See Exhibit No. 7, p. 20. 
