q very satisfactory pulp, 
GROUND-WOOD PULP. 839 
be split before it could be ground. The pulp had a reddish tinge,which 
made it less suitable for news-print purposes than that of some other 
woods which grow in the same region. The yield was approximately 
1,915 pounds (bone dry) per hundred cubic feet of solid rossed wood, 
or nearly 500 pounds less than for white spruce. On the basis of a 
cord of rough wood 
the difference in yield 
would be even greater 
on account of red fir’s 
extremely thick bark. 
White fir yields a 
especially when the 
wood is green and 
comes from young 
trees. Tests con- 
ducted on this species, 
to note the influence 
of age of the trees on 
the quality of the pulp 
produced, showed that 
pulp from the split 
wood of trees 40 inches 
in diameter and 130 
feet high was inferior 
in color, fiber, and 
yield to pulp obtained 
from trees of 18 inches 
in diameter or less. 
Pulp obtained from 
the older wood was 
inclined to be soft and 
shivy; that from the 
younger wood did not 
show these defects. 
The color of white-fir 
pulp is better than 
that of red fir, though 
not as good as that : — 
of balsam. White-fir Fig. 26.—Alpine fir (A bies lasiocarpa). 
pulp is rather soft. The yield is approximately 2,000 pounds (bone 
dry) per hundred cubic feet of solid rossed wood, or about 400 pounds 
_ less than white spruce. 
Alpine fir yields a very good quality of pulp, which in color is as 
light as, if not lighter than, spruce pulp. It can be ground with a 
