GROUND-WOOD PULP. 35 
tests, except that more wood was employed and more pulp produced. 
As a rule, 2.5 tons of bone-dry pulp were manufactured during each 
test, though in some cases 5 tons were made. Data were recorded 
on power consumption, rate of production, yield, etc., and as soon as 
practicable the pulp was shipped to mills in the vicinity of Wausau 
to be made into paper. The aim in making the paper was to produce 
as good a grade of news print as possible from the experimental pulps 
‘under the standard mill practice of the company to which the pulps 
were sent. The one divergence from this practice was in the treat- 
ment of the pulp in the beater, as in some cases different amounts 
and kinds of color had to be added to secure the best results. The 
amount of size, alum, loading, color, etc., was recorded for each 
beater of pulp, as also were the amounts of sulphite and ground wood 
‘used. ‘The size of screen slots, speed of machine, width of wire, etc., 
were also recorded. 
The paper produced from the experimental pulps was given a 
practical try out on the presses of the New York Herald and the 
St. Louis Republic. The tests were conducted under the ordinary 
operating conditions of the pressrooms of the two newspapers. The 
color of the different papers varied considerably, but this was not 
assumed to detract from their value for news-print purposes within 
certain limits. Record was made of the amount of waste, the num- 
ber and causes of breaks, and the number of papers run from a given 
quantity of material. Observations were also made on the general 
operating conditions and the appearance of the sheet when printed. 
Judgment of these latter factors was left very largely to the practical 
pressmen. 
KINDS OF WOOD TESTED. 
The woods tested to determine their suitability for mechanical 
pulp were as follows: 
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa). 
Red fir (Abies magnifica). Jack pine (Pinus divaricata). 
White fir (Abies concolor). Loblolly pine (Pinus txda). 
Alpine fir (Abves lasiocarpa). White pine (Pinus strobus). 
Amabilis fir (Abies amabilis). Engelmann spruce, Montana (Picea engel- 
Lowland fir (Abies grandis). mannt). 
pNoble fir (Abies nobilis). Engelmann spruce, Colorado (Picea engel- 
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). mannt). 
Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). 
Tamarack (Larizlaricina). White spruce (Picea canadensis). 
Western larch (Larix occidentalis). White birch (Betula papyrifera). 
Lodgepole pine, Montana (Pinus mur- | Aspen ! (Populus tremuloides). 
rayana). Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica). 
Lodgepole pine, California (Pinus mur- 
rayana). 
1 Called ‘“‘popple” in Wisconsin. 
