16 BULLETIN 343, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
liquor, and for that reason the amount of the materials can not be 
expressed in quantity per cord. 
It will be noted that two samples were analyzed, one of which was 
a residue from evaporation of a condensed liquor and the other a 
sample of the liquor from another cook. The woods steamed were a 
BS A BO 
eee eee eee ee ae ee 
a Lc Oe ts ee tL es eel Cl 
== i BM Zo 0 FS 
eso AS EES 
PE ea De b= cai i Te es Sh La) 
ee 7 a a YF a 
Zone ee ee eee 
ae EF i a Ow a Eh 
ae RE 0 
S go aE a 1 TA AS 
itt eee ee 
op eh de ell neni ett A lel ea a 
Ree 
0 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i {2 13 14 
HOURS OF STEAMING 
Fig. 8.—Effect of duration of steaming on power consumption per ton of pulp. (Spruce runs 114-119, 
inclusive.) 
mixture of jack pine and tamarack in the ratio of 67 per cent of the 
former to 33 per cent of the latter. 
Residue Residue 
from evapo-| Sample from evapo-| Sample 
ration of | of liquor. ration of | ofliquor. 
liquor. liquor. 
Per cent. | Per cent. 
Motalksolidss ans! sa eee sales Aasee eee 2.05 As 
Solublesolidss2 ) eee es | 70.10 1.95 || Acetic acid (total)........-- Geral . 162 
Reducing sugars....----..-- 15.89 - 83 Formic acid (total)-...----..! 1.41 - 042 
Mannie soe Rae | 13. 60 1092) |||Moisture){c.2 20s) eee | 4.31| 97.95 
The total and soluble solids and tannin were determined accord- 
ing to the methods outlined by the American Leather Chemists’ 
Association. 
The boiling or steaming of woods results in the formation of a 
natural size from the wood substance or some of its constituents. 
This sizing action is particularly noticeable in the production of 
pulps from the hardwoods—birch and aspen—which are not pitchy. 
All paper produced from cooked woods, pulped by the mechanical 
process, show the characteristic water-resistance qualities and hard- 
ness of hard sized papers. 
