54 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
second fallers, $3.40 to $3.50; head bucker, $3.75; assistant head 
bucker, $3 ; buckers, $3.25. 
The labor cost per thousand feet in other years was as follows: 
1911, felling $0.31, bucking $0.46; 1910, felling and bucking, $1.10; 
1915, felling and bucking, $0.49. In 1915 the company used a bonus 
system in connection with the felling and bucking. 
The head bucker supervised the felling and bucking work and, with 
an assistant, marked the log lengths. The logs were measured with 
a tape. Prior to the adoption of this method the management ex- 
perienced great difficulty in getting the logs bucked square off and 
of the desired length. 
During the year the company averaged about 3 sets of fallers 
and about 16 buckers per day. This is 5 buckers to a set of fallers, 
and seems high. However, we' have noted that there was a con- 
siderable amount of down timber, and that the size of the timber and 
the character of the ground made it a difficult and dangerous bucking 
chance. 
(4) Labor cost per thousand feet for felling and bucking at a camp 
along the Columbia Eiver in Oregon in 1911 and 1912. 
The area was quite level, the surface regular, being considered one 
of the best ground chances in this region. 
It was a second-growth forest which was cutting out about 80.000 
feet per acre, the trees averaging about 28 inches in diameter breast 
high. From 90 to 95 per cent of the stand was Douglas fir, the rest 
hemlock. The timber was practically sound, and breakage did not 
amount to 5 per cent. The logs averaged about 60 feet in length and 
800 feet in volume. 
The labor cost per thousand feet in 1911 was $0,295 for felling and 
$0,227 for bucking. The felling cost includes one-half the wages 
of the filer; the bucking cost, the wages of the head bucker and 
one-half the wages of the filer. Approximately two buckers worked 
with a set of fallers. The following daily wages were paid: Head 
fallers, $3.75; second fallers, $3.50; buckers, $3.25; head bucker, 
$3.75 ; filer, $3.50. 
The labor cost per thousand feet in 1912 was $0,298 for felling and 
$0,308 for bucking. 
(5) Labor cost per thousand feet for felling and bucking at a 
camp on the western foothills of the Cascades in Washington in 
1911 and 1912. 
The area covered during these two years was of mixed topog- 
raphy, there being good and bad chances. Some parts of the ground 
were quite level, with a relatively smooth surface ; other parts, while 
quite level in general, were badly broken up by small hummocks 
and pot holes. Slopes of from 30 to 60 per cent were not uncom- 
mon, their surfaces varying in smoothness like the level land. 
