LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 59 
the logging operation, or where the yarding engines are hauling in 
conjunction with roading or swinging engines, yarding engines are 
dragged over the ground by their own lines attached to stumps along 
the way. 
The method of operation is dependent largely on the topography 
of the region. The more common practice in the case of ground 
logging is to build a landing at a suitable spot along a railroad and 
to install a yarding engine at one end of it. (Fig. 15.) When the 
area tributary to this location is logged, the yarding engine is 
shifted to the opposite end of the landing. In some cases a roading 
engine is installed at a landing or on the bank of a drivable stream 
from which a pole road extends into the timber. The timber is then 
transported to the pole road by a yarding engine in the same man- 
ner as in the case of a railroad. It may happen that a pole road is 
^iot advisable, in which event the logs are dragged over the ground 
from the yarder to the landing by a swinging engine. If it is not 
economical to single haul the logs from the yarder to the pole road, 
a swing engine is used to transport them over the ground. In times 
past the logs were hauled over the ground to a railroad, made into 
turns, and dragged over the ties to the mill or water by a locomotive. 
This latter, however, was an unusual method. 
STEPS IN THE OPERATION. 
The initial step in the transportation of a log from the stump to 
the mill is generally known on the Pacific coast as yarding. Skid- 
ding is a term that is coining into use to designate this operation, 
especially where certain overhead systems do the work. It consists 
of assembling the logs at common points for some other method 
of transportation. This common point in the case of power yard- 
ing is at the yarding engine, at a distance ranging from 500 to more 
than 2,500 feet from the farthermost tree that is to be yarded at 
that setting. The yarding engine is set at a drivable stream, rail- 
road, pole road, chute, flume, or " swinging " road, depending on the 
next step in the transportation of the log. Yarding and the second 
step in transportation can go on simultaneously when the second 
step is not driving. Where driving follows yarding, conditions may 
be such that the second step is delayed. 
The above seems to indicate that yarding consists of that transpor- 
tation accomplished by but one logging engine, which, strictly speak- 
ing, is true. The term, however, is applied more broadly to the work 
done by two or more engines working tandem, provided no costly 
structure with considerable life, like a pole road, is employed. In 
that case the long haul over the prepared road is called " roading." 
The term "yarding" is frequently applied to the whole process — 
" single," " double," or " triple yarding " being more accurately de- 
