LOGGIXG IX THE DOUGLAS FIR REGIOX. 67 
ing purposes, and setting lines. A yarding crew in a camp along 
the Columbia Eiver loaded the engine on a flat car, moved to a new 
landing, set the lines, and yarded 54 logs in one day. A hook tender 
in a camp on the west slope of the Cascades moved a yarding engine 
over the ground a distance of 2,500 feet in 10 hours with a yarding 
crew of 11 men. Half the move was made up a grade of -10 per cent. 
The ground was practically clear of chunks of trees. 
From two to four hours' time is consumed in moving the engine 
from one end of the landing to the other. In one camp in Wash- 
ington where the ground was practically level the average time, when 
based on a six months' operating period, was three and one-third 
hours. This included running out the lines. A crew in a camp along 
the Columbia River changed ends and ran the trip line around a 
week's yarding in 2 hours and 10 minutes. The ground conditions 
were favorable. Another crew in the same region changed ends and 
ran the trip line out in 1 hour and 25 minutes. The ground was 
exceptionally good. Another hook tender in the same region changed 
ends and yarded 78,000 feet in a day, two and one-half hours being 
consumed in changing ends. 
The actual cost of moving engines is not so large where the work 
is performed by the crew that clears the right of way and constructs 
landings, or by a special crew. With the ability to move logging 
engines as one of the qualifications of the hook tender in charge of 
the logging engine moving crew, the move is made more quickly. 
The daily cost of this crew is not so large as that of a regular yard- 
ing crew. 
One method of reducing the loss of time is the use of an extra 
yarding engine and, if the motive power for loading is furnished by 
a separate engine, an extra loading engine, so that all a crew has to 
do when it has completed the yarding of the timber tributary to a 
landing is to move the small equipment to the new landing where 
the extra equipment has been put in place. The move "by this method 
should take about 30 minutes. At a convenient time the crew that is 
engaged in clearing rights of way and building landings, or a small 
special crew, moves the extra equipment to the new landing and runs 
out the lines. The hook tender, who is to yard the timber, may super- 
vise the work of placing the lines. Just before the move is made the 
fireman of the yarding crew goes ahead to raise steam in the extra 
machines and have everything in readiness so that yarding can pro- 
ceed as soon as the rest of the yarding crew arrive. 
There are other reasons than the increased yarding output for 
using extra equipment. The daily cost of the operations following 
yarding is to a great extent fixed. When a yarding crew is moving 
from one side to another the output from the camp is curtailed. The 
longer it takes to make the move the greater the curtailment. This 
