LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 45 
the expectations of the manufacturer ; for, if it does, it will make a 
great saving in timber and human energy, also a reduction in logging 
costs. 
The possibilities of the device were demonstrated before the mem- 
bers of the Pacific Logging Congress at Eureka, Cal. An 8-foot 
redwood, having an adverse lean of 5 feet, was thrown by the jack 
in a direction opposite to the lean in 13 minutes, notwithstanding 
the fact that 10 inches of " wood " was left uncut, and had to be 
broken by the power of the jack before the tree could fall. Other 
demonstrations have been made with equal success. One operator, 
working in a hard show, has used an earlier model for about 2 
years with very satisfactory results. It is said that in a competi- 
tive test one set of f allers, aided by a jack, felled a 6-|-foot tree hav- 
ing a lean of 6 feet in 3J hours, while another set, working with 
wedges, required 13 J hours to fall a 5 J-f oot tree having a lean of 
5 feet. 
PORTABLE DRAG SAWS. 
The portable drag saw is operated with either steam or gasoline, 
and is adapted for cutting saw logs, shingle bolts, cordwood, fuel 
for logging engines, etc. It can be operated by one man. A num- 
ber of operators find its use profitable in bucking up fuel wood for 
logging engines. One machine may be used for two engines where 
they are located near one another. Where the ground is not too 
rough and the timber not too large, it may be used to advantage 
in bucking up trees into log lengths at the landings, especially where 
the timber is roadecl to the landing. 
Some think that the gasoline drag saw is not so well adapted for 
use by loggers as the steam saw, since it has not the capacity of the 
steam saw of the same weight and is more complicated in its make-up. 
However, improvement in gasoline drag saws has reduced the weight 
and increased the capacity so that they are now being universally 
installed, replacing cutting of fuel by man power. A gasoline saw 
is easily portable and can be taken an} T where by two men; it is not 
dependent upon a separate power plant and does not have to have 
the log moved to it for each cut. One man operates the saw and 
moves it to the log. 
One steam saw has a 3J-inch cylinder and a 30-inch stroke, running 
225 strokes per minute. This machine is intended for use with a 6- 
horsepower vertical boiler and may be carried on a sled or low-wheel 
truck. The steam is conveyed in a f-inch pipe, joined in 8 or 10 foot 
lengths with flexible couplings. Steam may be conveyed successfully 
in this way for 300 feet. One hundred pounds steam pressure is 
ample for successful operation. Steam may also be taken from log- 
ging engines or other boilers through a similar system of piping. 
A hand rope gives the operator complete control of the saw when it 
