LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 
27 
Item 4 includes the labor cost of train crews. Common carrier railroads are used more in the Puget 
Sound region than in the Columbia River region, which explains the lower cost in the former case. The 
loggers in the Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor regions do not use the railroad so extensively as the 
loggers in the Puget Sound and Columbia River regions, the two former relying more on roading and river 
driving, which explains the lower cost 
Item 5 is an average of the labor cost at those camps which do this work by day labor, also those that 
do it by contract; the contract rates in some cases only include labor, in others the total cost of the work. 
The cost in the Puget Sound, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Harbor regions includes more contract work 
than in the Columbia River region, which explains the lower cost in the latter case. 
Item 6 includes the cost of supplies and maintenance (labor and material) of the railroad, dump, and 
boom. The cost is highest in the Columbia River region. This is because railroads owned by operators 
are longer in this region than in the other three. Also less contract dumping, sorting, and rafting is done 
there. The next higher cost is found in the Puget Sound region. This is largely because the loggers 
operate railroads much more extensively in this region than in the Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor 
regions. 
Items 7, 8, 9, and 14. Reasons for seeming discrepancies are brought out in the notes on items 2, 3, 4, 
5, and 6. 
Item 15 includes the salaries of superintendents or managers, bookkeepers, etc., at the main office, 
which is detached from the woods; also fixed sums paid to individuals or companies for selling the logs. 
The cost of camp foremen, bookkeepers, timekeepers, scalers, etc., is prorated against the major steps in 
the logging operation proper. 
The camps of the Puget Sound and Columbia River regions group 
by total logging costs as follows : 
PUGET SOUND REGION. 
Cost per thousand feet. 1 
Number 
of camps. 
Total yearly 
output of 
camps in- 
cluded in 
statement. 
$4.00 to $4.50 
$4.51 to $5.00 
4 
2 
5 
3 
3 
3 
Feet. 
177,000,000 
100,000,000 
220,000,000 
180,000,000 
135,000,000 
84,000,000 
$5 01 to $5 50 
$5.51 to $6.00 
$6.01 to $7.00 
$7.01 to $7.50 • 
Total 
20 
896,000,000 
1 Does not include towing. 
COLUMBIA RrVER REGION. 
$4 00 to $4 50 . . . 
2 
2 
3 
1 
2 
Feet. 
90,000,000 
80,000,000 
80,000,000 
55,000,000 
80,000,000 
$4.51 to $5.00 
$5.01 to $5.50 
$5.51 to $6.00 
$6.01 to $7.00 
Total 
10 
385, 000, 000 
The average cost of logging in connection with 19 inland mills in 
Oregon and Washington, as worked out by Mr. Austin Cary x on the 
basis of the lumber produced and sold, amounted to $4.42 per thou- 
sand feet. The yearly output of the operations included in this state- 
ment ranged from seven to thirty-seven million feet. The difference 
between this average cost and the costs given in Table 4 can largely 
be explained on the ground that they are based on different units of 
measure; also by the fact that the average railroad haul is not so 
long in the case of the inland mills as of the cargo mills. 
1 Logging engineer, Forest Service. 
