20 BULLETIN 111, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
made up of logs of one grade or species. The grading rules used 
by the Columbia Eiver Log Scaling and Grading Bureau are as 
follows : 
No. 1 logs. 
No. 1 logs shall be 30 inches or over iu diameter inside the bark at the small 
end, reasonably straight grained, and not less than 16 feet long, and shall be 
logs which, in the judgment of the scaler, will contain at least 50 per cent of 
their scaled contents in lumber in the grades of No. 1 and 2 clear. 
In a general way a pitch ring is not a serious grade defect in a No. 1 log, pro- 
vided its location and size do not prevent the logs cutting the required amount 
of clears. The same applies to rot. 
Pitch pockets, seams, knots, etc., are defects which impair the grades in pro- 
portion to their effect on the amount of clears the log contains. A No. 1 log 
will admit of a few small knots, but must be surface clear for at least four- 
fifths of its length; a few pitch pockets, as permitted in the grade of clear 
lumber, but no combination of defects which will prevent the required percentage 
of clears. 
No. 2 logs. 
No. 2 logs shall be 16 inches or over in diameter inside the bark at the small 
end, not less than 16 feet long, and having defects which prevent its grading 
No. 1, but which will, in the judgment of the scaler, be suitable for the manu- 
facture of lumber principally in grades of merchantable and better. 
No. 3 logs. 
No. 3 logs shall be 12 inches or over in diameter inside the bark at the small 
end, not less than 16 feet long, having defects which prevent its grading No. 2, 
and, in the judgment of the scaler, be suitable for the manufacture of the in- 
ferior grades of lumber. 
Cull logs. 
Cull logs shall be any logs which do not contain 50 per cent of sound lumber. 
All logs to be scaled by the Spaulding Rule. 
The grading rules used by the Puget Sound Log Scaling and Grad- 
ing Bureau are as follows : 
No. 1 logs. 
• No. 1 logs shall be logs in the lengths of 16 to 32 feet and 30 inches inside the 
bark at the small end, and logs 34 to 40 feet and 28 inches in diameter at the 
small end, and shall be logs that, in the judgment of the scaler, contain at 
least 50 per cent of their scaled contents in lumber in the grades of No. 2 clear 
and better. 
No. 2 logs. 
No. 2 logs shall not be less than 16 feet long and having defects which prevent 
their grading No. 1, but which, in the judgment of the scaler, will be suitable 
for the manufacture of lumber principally in the grades of merchantable and 
better. 
No. 3 logs. 
No. 3 logs shall not be less than 16 feet long and having defects which prevent 
their grading No. 2, but which, in the judgment of the scaler, will be suitable 
for the manufacture of common lumber. 
