LOGGING IN" THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 15 
from 150 to 300 men are accommodated, the men being taken to and 
from their work by train when working at a distance. The labor 
policy of the operatdr usually has something to do with the type of 
camp adopted. Where the policy is to encourage married men who 
want their families near them large and more permanent camps are 
used. Superintendents who do not permit families in or near the 
camps most often favor portable camps. 
In one operation the permanent camp for single men consists of 
two large, two-story buildings of modern design. One of the build- 
ings is used for a bunk house for 100 men. This is plastered and 
painted and kept clean and sanitary. It is well ventilated, electric 
lighted, and has hot and cold water and a modern sewerage system. 
In each of the rooms there are four single iron beds, four lockers, 
four chairs, a table, and a droplight. The washroom at the rear of 
the building has a concrete floor. It is large enough to accommodate 
10 men at one time. 
The cookhouse, which is on the first floor of the other building, 
consists of a well-equipped kitchen and a large well-lighted dining 
room with a seating capacity of 125. Above the cookhouse is the 
recreation hall, fitted with two pool tables, card tables, reading and 
writing tables, a barber shop, and a bathroom. 
The camp has graded streets, lined with neat cottages. There is a 
church, school, meat market, and some other shops besides the 
company store. 
This is the ideal type of camp, supplying, as it does, pleasing and 
sanitary living quarters and surroundings for both single and mar- 
ried men. Unfortunately there are few camps of this type in the 
region. 
Of course it would be impossible to have such a camp in connection 
with all logging operations. In the camp referred to the company 
has a 15-year supply of timber within a 15-minute ride on the log- 
ging road from the camp. The camp runs steadily, only shut- 
ting down for a few days at the Fourth of July and a week or so at 
Christmas. 
workmen's compensation acts. 
Until recently the responsibility of compensating injured laborers 
was regulated by employers' liability laws. These held the employer 
liable for accidents when he did not conform to the law. The em- 
ployers protected their interests through liability insurance com- 
panies. This arrangement proved unsatisfactory. Lawsuits were 
common and proved a cumbersome method for determining whether 
compensation was due an injured workman or his dependents. 
Liability insurance was seemingly too expensive. On the other hand, 
injured workmen expended large sums of money for attorney's fees. 
