14 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The blacksmith and machine shop is installed in another car. The 
electric light, power, and heating plants are also located in the same 
car. Steam heat is furnished by a 35-horsepower internal-fire-return 
tubular boiler. Electric light is generated with a 4^-kilowatt, 200- 
iight dynamo. Oil, stored in a 1,000-gallon tank, is used for fuel. 
The toilet is as well built as the rest of the camp, also as well 
lighted. It has screened ventilators and covered seats so arranged 
that they close automatically when not in use. 
The hog pens are situated at the headquarters camp, all the swill 
being hauled from the camp in sanitary covered cans. 
(2) Portable camp on skids. — The buildings of a portable camp 
on skids are moved from one location to another on logging cars or 
by means of donkey engines. They must be of a size that can be 
loaded readily on the cars. Strength in construction is an impor- 
tant factor, because of the frequent handling to which they are sub- 
jected. This type of camp has proved more satisfactory than the 
ordinary permanent camp. With the exception of the initial cost, 
it has no advantage over the camp on wheels, and it has some funda- 
mental disadvantages. 
In the case of one company, the living quarters are 10 by 14 by 
7J feet, with a 3-foot gable. These cabins are substantially con- 
structed, are sided with dressed and matched lumber, and have a 
rubberoid roof. There is a door in front and two sliding windows 
at the rear. For convenience in moving, the cabins are set on run- 
ners. The interior of each is furnished with three single iron bunks, 
a stove, and like accommodations. The approximate cost of each 
cabin was $50. Iron bunks, mattresses, a stove, etc., raise this fig- 
ure to $75. At this rate, the living quarters for 99 men cost $2,475. 
The efficient life of these cabins ranges from 7 to 10 years. Twenty- 
three cabins, all logging tools, equipment, etc., were loaded and 
hauled a distance of 3 \ miles in 18 hours. In another case similar 
cabins 14 by 30 feet and accommodating eight men were constructed 
for $100. To furnish one of these cabins with double iron bunks, 
mattresses, a stove, etc., cost about $50. At this rate accommodations 
for 96 men cost $1,800. 
The cost of the dining room and kitchen varies, depending on the 
type and size of building, also on whether it is of permanent or 
take-down construction. One stationary dining room and kitchen, 
large enough for 90 men, cost $900; another, large enough for 200 
men, cost $1,500. These figures include tables of all kinds, bins, etc. 
The dining room and kitchen equipment— range, cooking utensils, 
dishes, etc. — cost $600. 
(3) Stationary camps. — Some of the most ably managed com- 
panies prefer large camps, not constructed to be moved, in which 
