LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 11 
The quality and variety of the food are of a high order. Fresh meats, 
vegetables in season, and canned fruits and vegetables of a good 
quality are to be found in practically all the camps. Wherever pos- 
sible the men come in to all meals. A lunch in the woods occasions 
much grumbling. 
Boarding departments, as a rule, are self-supporting, the weekly 
charge in 1916 amounting to $5 or more. Cooks are paid from $50 
to $150 per month, depending on the size of the crew. Camps of 60 
men or more usually have an assistant cook, the kitchen help being- 
figured on the basis of 1 man in the kitchen for each 30 men in 
the crew. 
CAMPS. 
It is good to be able to record that no greater advance has been 
made in any of the departments of the operation than in the housing 
and care of the workmen, and that the progressive loggers of the 
Pacific Northwest have been leaders in the industry of the whole 
country in providing model camps. 
A few years ago camp buildings were crude structures, having few, 
if any, conveniences. Unfortunately, in many camps there is still 
much room for improvement. Fairly satisfactory living quarters, 
however, are the rule, the best camps being well constructed of dressed 
lumber and equipped with individual beds or bunks, private lockers 
for clothing, hot and cold water, steam heat, and like accommodations. 
Furthermore, camps of the latter class have a pleasing appearance, 
due regard being given to the design and arrangement of the build- 
ings and the color of the paint used. Operators as a class do not seem 
to have given sufficient attention to camp sanitation. 
Three types of camps are used, the portable camp on wheels, the 
portable camp on skids, and the stationary camp. All three prove 
satisfactory, and each is adapted to certain conditions. 
(1) Camp on wheels. — Mr. C. S. Martin, who is employed as a 
logging engineer by one of the largest operators on the Pacific coast 
and who has had an opportunity to study the different methods of 
housing the men, discusses the modern complete camp on wheels 
as follows: 
The advantages of camps on wheels are coming to be widely recognized. 
The first cost may be greater, but when one takes into consideration the fol- 
lowing arguments in their favor it will be found that they prove cheaper in 
the long run, giving the camps a life of from 10 to 20 years, which is, I believe, 
conservative. 
(a) Insurance. — In case of fire the camps can be moved at a few minutes' 
notice. 
(b) Depreciation. — Ten per cent should cover both depreciation and upkeep, 
a much smaller percentage than had to be charged to the old shack camps, 
which cost nearly as much to tear down and rebuild as to abandon. 
