4 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The ownership, acreage, and volume of the timber in western 
Oregon and Washington are given approximately in Table 1. 
Table 1. — Ownership, acreage, and volume of timber in western Oregon and 
Washington. 
Ownership. 
Area. 
Per. cent of 
total tim- 
bered area. 
Stand, 
billions of 
feet b. m. 
Per cent of 
total 
stand. 
Acres. 
10,816,000 
8,991,000 
1,000,000 
1, 700, 000 
48- 
40+ 
4+ 
8- 
162 
450 
40 
So 
22— 
61+ 
State and other Government land 
5+ 
12— 
Total 
22,507,000 
100 
737 
100 
LOGGING IN GENERAL. 
INDEPENDENT LOGGERS. 
To the general rule that logging and lumber manufacture are 
conducted as one business the condition in the Douglas fir region 
is a striking exception. Not far from 50 per cent of the timber is 
logged by operators engaged solely in logging, who cut their own 
timber and sell their logs in the open market. The independent 
logger gets out most of the timber delivered to the waters of Puget 
Sound and the Columbia River; and he is an important factor at 
Grays Harbor, but plays a relatively small part at Wiliapa Harbor. 
Whether he has a permanent place in the lumber industry of the 
region no one can confidently predict. 
So far, independent logging has seemingly worked out well, both 
from the standpoint of the capital invested and from that of the 
service performed. The independent logger, devoting his entire time 
and talents to logging, finds it easier to be efficient. As he disposes 
of his logs in the open market, the size of his operation is not limited 
by the capacity of a mill. As soon as business conditions make 
operating unprofitable, the independent logger, as a rule, can shut 
down. With the possible exception of difficulty in disposing of low- 
grade logs, he is not at a disadvantage in any respect at present. 
The opening up of new tracts of timber on a large scale, however, 
would probably change conditions. 
The percentage of timber logged by contract is small. 
SIZE OF OPERATIONS. 
Logging operations vary in size, their daily output ranging from 
40,000 to 500,000 feet. 
An operation may consist of one or several camps. In any case, 
however, the camps are near each other, have a common ownership, 
and are supervised by the same head. 
