UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 711 
Contribution from the Forest Service 
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
November 14, 1918 
LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 
By William H. Gibbons, Forest Examiner. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
1 Railroad transportation 175 
2 Railroad inclines 217 
4 Unloading.. 225 
30 Water transportation 238 
56 General expenses 248 
Loading 154 Total cost of logging at one operation 252 
Object 
The region 
Logging in general 
Felling and bucking 
Primary log transportation. 
OBJECT. 
To bring together in systematic and usable form the bulk of the 
information dealing with Douglas fir logging costs thus far acquired, 
so as to make it accessible, is the object of this publication. The 
subject is broad in scope and only the more important features of the 
Douglas fir sawlog operation, as a rule, are covered. Greatest 
emphasis is laid on costs, 1 especially costs about which not much 
written material is available. 2 
1 Costs and wages throughout the bulletin are based on conditions prior to April, 1917. 
2 In preparing the publication the writer consulted freely many of the lumber trade 
journals, especially those of Oregon and Washington ; the proceedings of the Pacific Log- 
ging Congress, which were particularly helpful ; " Logging," by Bryant ; " Logging and 
Lumbering," by Schenck ; " Earth Work and Its Cost," by Gillette ; and unpublished 
manuscripts. 
Few of the drawings are original, most of them being taken from catalogues and lumber 
trade journals, especially the Timberman. 
The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to all who have aided in any way in 
the preparation of this work, particularly the following, who reviewed portions or all of 
the manuscript : J. D. Young, J. S. O'Gorman, Fred MacFarlane, J. P. Van Orsdel, James 
O'Hearn, H. W. Sessoms, and R. V. Vinnedge, managers or superintendents of logging 
operations ; F. M. Duggan and E. I. Karr, managers of log scaling and grading bureaus ; 
C S. Martin, C P. Cronk, S. A. Stamm, and R. H. Shotwell, logging engineers, operating 
companies ; W. T. Andrews, C. H. Woodcock, L. A. Nelson, Austin Cary, and E. C. 
Erickson, timber sales, Forest Service. 
61361°— Bull. 711—18 1 
