LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 97 
A few operators find it economical now and then to rim a side by 
contract, in which case the operator may furnish everything except 
the labor ; or he may furnish only the large equipment, the contractor 
furnishing the labor, supplies, etc. 
A few camps use bonus or profit-sharing systems. As a rule, the 
system consists in setting a standard output and allowing all the 
members of the yarding crew, or certain members of the yarding 
crew who have been in the employ of the company a certain length of 
time, a certain amount per thousand feet in addition to their regular 
wages for every thousand feet yarded in excess of the standard. The 
regular wages may equal the wages the company would pay if they 
were not using a bonus system, or they may be less. 
The company pays a bonus to only those men who are directly 
connected with the handling of the logs from the stump to the car, 
such as hook tenders, chasers, rigging slingers, and signalmen, elimi- 
nating such men as wood bucks, swampers, snipers, etc. Wages com- 
parable with the wages paid in camps that are not using a bonus 
system are paid, regardless of whether the standard output is made 
or exceeded. Those members of the crew who are working under 
the bonus system are paid an additonal amount as bonus when the 
yarding output exceeds the standard output, as follows: For each 
1,000 feet of daily average output above the standard the wages of 
the men are increased 1 per cent. The standard is set by the logging 
superintendent for each chance monthly, or as often as conditions 
require. In establishing the standards, it is the stated aim of the 
company to put them where they can be made by an average crew 
without undue effort. 
It is unusual to find a camp where all the logs are yarded direct 
to the landing, as many operators find it necessary to do a little 
double hauling, others a great deal. For this reason it is difficult to 
secure specific costs for direct yarding. The following costs are 
given more for the purpose of illuminating the subject than to give 
exact knowledge: 
(1) The labor cost of transporting the logs from the stump to 
the landing, practically all single hauling, at a camp along the 
Columbia River in 1912, amounted to $0.69 per thousand feet. 
This cost includes a part of the wages of the camp foreman, one- 
half the wages of the timekeeper, and all the wages of the scaler. 
It does not include the cost of moving the yarders from one landing 
to another, the taking in and the setting of lines when moving, the 
grading of yarder settings, or any phase of the loading of the logs. 
The following men were employed : 
61361°— Bull, 711—18 7 
