100 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
inches in diameter at breast height. The logs averaged 550 feet 
in volume. 
The engines were 1(H by 10J inch compound-geared yarders, 
equipped with loading drum. 
The average output per yarder per yarding day was 58,500 feet, 
selling scale. The time on which this average is based includes the 
time consumed in moving the yarders from one setting to another, 
changing ends, raising gin poles, changing lines, etc., as well as the 
time consumed in transporting logs from the stump to the landing. 
(3) The labor cost of transporting the logs from the stump to 
the landing, including single and double hauling, at a camp along 
the Columbia River in 1912, amounted to $0,746 per thousand feet. 
It is not possible to state exactly the proportion of timber double 
hauled. The amount, however, ranged from one-third to one-half 
of the total output. 
This cost includes a part of the wages of the camp foreman, time- 
keeper, and bookkeeper, and all the wages of the scaler. It does not 
include the cost of moving the logging yarders from one setting to 
another, loading, or the construction of pole roads and landings. 
The following crew was employed : 
Wages per day. 
Hook tender $5.00 to $6.00 
Head rigging slinger 3. 75 to 4. 25 
3 assistant rigging slingers 3.00 to 3.50 
Sniper 3. 00 to 3.25 
Chaser 3. 00 to 3.25 
Signalman 2. 50 
Engineer 3.50 
At times it was necessary to use four instead of three rigging 
slingers, besides the head rigging slinger, also an extra chaser and 
butt-chain-block man. Oil was burned in the machines at the land- 
ings. When double hauling, the following additional men were em- 
ployed : 
Wages per day. 
Engineer : $3. 50 
Chaser . 3.25 
Fireman 2. 75 
Wood buck 2. 50 
The average output delivered at the landing per -yarding day 
amounted to 70,000 feet. The fact that part of the timber was 
double hauled should be taken into consideration when analyzing 
this statement. While it is the aim in double hauling so to place 
the logging engines that the swinging crew can handle the output of 
the 3 7 arding crew without delaying them, such is not always the case. 
There is no question that the yarding record would have been higher 
if all the logs had been yarded direct to the landing. 
