LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 127 
There are in use in the United States seven types of steel spar- 
skidders, each made in several different sizes. The one designed to 
handle timber of average size in this region is equipped with 12 by 12 
inch, double-cylinder, high-speed engines, with five drums. Then 
there is the utility engine with 10 by 10 inch cylinders and four 
drums. On the front of the machine there is a 12 by 12 inch swing- 
ing-boom loading engine, mounted on a turntable. This engine drives 
three friction drums. Up in the tower, underneath the steel spar, 
there is a four-drum, guy-tightening engine. The skidding engine 
has a hauling-line speed of from 500 to 800 feet per minute, and a 
return-line speed of from 1,800 to 3,000 feet per minute. The 
machine is mounted on a steel frame. This frame with its supporting 
legs is raised or lowered by hydraulic jacks, to allow empty cars to 
pass beneath it. 
The selling prices of the skidder and loading engine f. o. b. Port- 
land or Seattle, exclusive of blocks and lines, were approximately 
as follows in 1916 : 
Prices of skidder and loading engine. 
TEEE-RIGGED TYPE. 
(1) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 10 by 10 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car # $11, 500 
(2) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 10 by 12 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car 12, 500 
(3) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 12 by 12 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car___ 13,000 
(4) 12 by 12 inch skidder adapted for mounting on a wooden sled 9, 500 
(5) 13| by 16 inch skidder adapted for mounting on a wooden sled 22, 000 
(6) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 10 by 10 inch loading engine, adapted for 
mounting on a wooden sled 9, 700 
(7) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 10 by 12 inch loading engine, adapted for 
mounting on a wooden sled 10, 700 
(8) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 12 by 12 inch loading engine, adapted for 
mounting on a wooden sled 12, 500 
(9) 13^ by 16 inch skidder, 10 by 10 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car 23, 000 
(10) 131 by 16 inch skidder, 10 by 12 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car 26,000 
(11) 13| by 16 inch skidder, 12 by 12 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car : 32, 000 
STEEL-SPAR TYPE. 
(1) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 10 by 12 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car 28,000 
(2) 12 by 12 inch skidder, 12 by 12 inch loading engine, mounted on 
a steel car — - 32, 000 
