132 BULLETiX 711, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
1 signalman §2. 75 
1 head rigger 5.50 
1 second rigger _ 3. 50 
2 assistant riggers, at $3 6. 00 
1 loading engineer 5. 00 
1 head loader : 4. 50 
1 assistant loader 3. 50 
1 assistant loader 3.25 
Total 63. 40 
The labor cost per thousand feet on the basis of the above esti- 
mated total daily labor costs is approximately as follows : 
Labor cost per thousand feet. 
Output per day : 
40,000 feet $1. 25 
50,000 feet 1.00 
60,000 feet .90 
70,000 feet „ .85 
80,000 feet '. .79 
90,000 feet .73 
100,000 feet . 66 
The cost of the maintenance or replacement of the lines depends, 
in the main, on the length of the span and the conditions under 
which the lines are used. The main standing lines in use have either 
hemp or wire centers, with a tendency toward the latter as their 
length is increased, and range from 1^ to If inches, or even larger, 
in diameter. The other lines are of the usual kind. The skidding 
lines are made of either | or 1 inch rope. The approximate size 
of the other lines used is given in the following table. The length 
of the lines employed in any given case varies of necessity with the 
length of the span. This may range from TOO feet on level ground, 
where the cost of constructing railroads is low, to 2,500 or 3,000 feet on 
mountain sides where the construction of railroads is practically out 
of the question. In Table 22 the estimated cost of lines per thousand 
feet of timber is shown for spans of three different lengths, the lines 
being the same size in each case. It will be noted that the estimated 
life of each line in million-foot units is given. The estimated life of 
each line is approximately correct in most cases, with the exception 
of the standing line, which can not be safely estimated. The output 
given for the main cable is too high for some cases and too low for 
others. Both hemp and wire-center rope are used for main cables, 
other lines being made of hemp-center rope. The main cables in- 
cluded in the estimates are made of wire-center rope. The price of 
wire rope is given under " Ground yarding." 
