LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIE KEGION. 165 
This method is used in connection with a six-drum loading engine. 
One of the two drums nearest the spar tree carries the heel block or 
tightening-up line; the other, the transfer line. One of the two 
large middle drums carries the loading line; the other, the train or 
" spotting line." The other two drums carry the swinging lines. 
The efficiency of the whole device depends largely on the proper rig- 
ging and handling of the last-mentioned line. When loading is being 
done from the left side, the line from the left swinging drum should 
lead through a deep sheaved block attached to the left side of the 
spar tree and somewhat above the peak of the boom, thence to a block 
attached to the left side of the outer end of the boom, and thence to 
a stump opposite the swinging drum and from 40 to 60 feet from the 
engine. The opposite line is rigged in a similar manner. 
It is claimed that this rig will load logs averaging TOO feet in 
volume at the rate of one per minute or minute and a half, and that 
it is especially valuable for loading from steep ground. 
EQUIPMENT. 
LOADING ENGINES. 
The power used in loading may be furnished by a loading drum on 
the yarding or roading engine, or by a separate loading engine. In 
times past it was the universal practice to use a spool or loading 
drum on the yarding or roading engine ; that is, when power machin- 
ery was used in loading. For several years, however, a number of 
operators have used a separate engine in loading. With the single 
gin-pole loading method, it is difficult to load the logs as fast as they 
are yarded when the power is furnished by a loading drum on the 
yarding engine, or at least in such a way and at such times as not to 
interfere with the yarding work. The use of a separate loading 
engine is thought to be safer, since the engineer has only the loading 
to occupy his attention. It is not possible to use the loading drum 
on a yarding engine with overhead loading engines. 
The cylinders of loading engines range in size from 6J by 8 inches 
to 9J by 10 inches. The engines are built with one, two, three, or 
four drums. On most types there is a gypsy on the extended drum 
shaft. All loading engines have steel frames, high or double high 
pressure boilers, and liberal friction drums with brakes, pawls, etc. 
The single- drum engine is adapted for use with the single gin-pole 
loading method. The double-drum engine is designed for use with 
overhead loading methods that do not require a standing line. The 
three- drum engine is used to operate the same sort of overhead sys- 
tem. When the third drum is not needed for loading purposes, it 
may be employed to good advantage in switching and spotting cars. 
The four-drum engine is adapted for operating a system of loading 
that uses a standing line upon which a carriage travels. 
