LOGGING IK" THE DOUGLAS PIE EEGIOK. 
171 
terial, and supply costs, also a rental on the equipment used in their 
construction. In addition to the cost of the landings proper, it may 
include the cost of raising gin poles, swinging rigging on gin poles, 
a part or all of the extended water system, and digging engine set- 
tings. These costs are handled differently by different companies. 
The cost of landings per thousand feet of output varies with the 
type of landing, the character of the country, the number of landings 
per section, and the average stand per acre. The landings used 
with ground yarding are more elaborate than those used with high- 
lead or overhead yarding, especially in steep country, where consid- 
erable cribwork has to be clone. The labor cost probably ranges 
between $50 and $300 ; in most cases from $75 to $150. The cost of 
landings in specific cases is given in Table 25 and accompanying 
discussions : 
Table 25. — Comparative costs of landings in specific cases. 
Case. 
Number 
of 
landings. 
Region. 
Year. 
Type. 
Average cost. 1 
1 
29 
100 
75 
8 
8 
30 
14 
15 
Columbia River 
1912 
1913 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1912 
Fig. 64.... 
Fig. 64.... 
Fig. 72.... 
Fig. 64.... 
Fig. 64.... 
Fig. 72 
Fig. 72.... 
Fig. 72 
SI 55 00 
2 
Columbia River 
135 00 
3 
West foothills. Cascades 
100 00 
4 
Columbia River 
208 00 
Columbia River 
130 00 
6 
Flat, vest Cascades 
§50 00- 70 00 
West slope, Cascades 
95. 00-175 00 
8 
285 00-340 00 
1 In no case does the cost include the timber used in the landings. 
Case 1. — The cost includes the labor used in clearing sites, building landings, raising gin poles, swinging 
loading rigging, digging engine settings (yarding and loading), etc., in fact, everything except the moving 
of the yarding and loading engines. The country was practically level. 
Case 2. — The cost is based on the landings constructed at three camps, representing a great variety of 
conditions, and includes the same items of expense as in the previous case. 
Case 3. — The cost includes the labor and supplies used in building the landings and raising gin poles, 
the landings for the most part being constructed on relatively level ground. 
Case 4. — The cost includes the same items of expense as in the first case, the landings being constructed 
in a mountainous country with a great variety of conditions. 
Case 5. — Same as previous case. 
Case 6. — The cost includes the labor used in constracting landings on practically level ground. 
Case 7. — The cost includes the same items of expense as in the previous case, the landings being con- 
structed on sidehill country. Six were constructed on the lower sides of the track at an average labor 
cost of S175; eight on the'upper side, at an average labor cost of S95. Those on the lower side of the track 
contained 7,500 feet of timber on the average; those on the upper, 3,500 feet. 
Case 8. — The cost includes the labor used in building the landings, for the most part on sidehill country. 
The following shows the crew and wages paid per day : 
Hook tender S4. 50 
2 rigging slingers - 6. 50 
1 rigging slinger 3. 00 
Engineer 3. 25 
Fireman 2. 75 
Total per day 20.00 
The number of landings depends on the character of the country. 
They are located along the spur railroads, and as the mileage of spur 
railroads per section increases the number of landings per section in- 
