LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 
207 
day, amounted to $1,121 during this year. Another logging super- 
intendent estimated the maintenance cost per year of locomotives as 
$600 for rod and $1,100 for geared. 
The following data, based on four years' time, were furnished by 
a logging superintendent. The information has to do with four 
geared locomotives, one 60-ton and three 50-ton. 
Maintenance cost of locomotives. 
Year. 
Number 
of loco- 
motives. 
' Total 
yearly 
cost. 
Average 
cost per 
locomo- 
tive. 
Total 
amount 
timber 
hauled 
(feet). 
Average 
amount 
timber 
hauled per 
locomotive 
(feet). 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
Total 
4 
1 
SI, 540 
1,620 
3,000 
1,100 
S385 
405 
750 
275 
28,000,000 
27, 000, 000 
40, 000, 000 
38,000,000 
7, 000, 000 
6, 750, 000 
10,000,000 
9,500,000 
7,260 
453 
I 
If locomotives have the proper kind of treatment, the maintenance 
cost per year will probably range from $400 to $700 for geared loco- 
motives and from $300 to $400 for rod locomotives. 
The service demanded of locomotives on logging railroads is 
usually severe, the result being a relatively short life. For the pur- 
pose of a timber appraisal, the life of rod locomotives used on a main- 
line logging railroad may be placed at 20 years, the life of geared 
locomotives at 15 years. If the work to be done by the latter type is 
particularly trying, 12 years should be used. 
Cars. — Three types of log cars are used in the region ; namely, flat- 
cars, skeleton cars, and separate trucks. 
Flat cars are not used to any extent except where the logs are 
hauled over a common-carrier railroad, in which event the cars are 
not owned by the logging company. Of course, all logging com- 
panies have three or more for use in connection with construction 
work, etc. There are a number of makes and sizes on the market. 
The standard low logging flat car, built in the region, is 41 feet long 
and accommodates 42-foot logs. It has a capacity of 80,000 pounds, 
weighs 26,700 pounds, and costs about $850 f. o. b. Seattle. When 
equipped with very satisfactory patent bunks and chocks it costs 
about $925. 
The skeleton car consists of two pair of four-wheel trucks joined 
together by heavy timbers, and is very satisfactory where it is 
desirable to use air brakes. One make, which is used as much as any, 
costs about $750 f. o. b. Seattle. This price includes air equipment, 
also patent bunks and chocks and automatic couplers. The car is 
built in lengths up to 56 feet over all, has a capacity of 80,000 pounds, 
and weighs about 19,000 pounds. 
