LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 215 
locomotive at times handling 18 loads over this portion of the road. 
The average grade on the two miles of main line between the camp 
and Spur 1 (woods' terminus of main line) averaged 5 \ per cent, the 
maximum grade amounting to 6 per cent. The 42-ton locomotive 
pulled four empty flats from the camp to the siding. The heaviest 
grades on the spurs amounted to 9 per cent. The average spur haul 
from the landings to the main line was about 1 mile. Twenty flats 
(length, 41 feet ; capacity, 80,000 pounds) and six sets of trucks were 
used. Oil was burned as fuel. 
The 42-ton locomotive worked on the main line between the 
dump and Spur 1, a distance of about 5 miles; the 33-ton engine 
worked on the spurs. In the morning the 33-ton locomotive would 
move four empty flats from the camp to the siding at Spur 1. The 
42-ton locomotive averaged four or five trips per day between the 
dump and the siding at the camp, and roughly twice as many trips 
between the latter siding and the siding at Spur 1. The two brake- 
men, with the assistance of a man regularly employed at the dump, 
unloaded the cars with log jacks. 
(a) Operation (labor) : The train crews consisted of the follow- 
ing: 
42-ton : Per day. 
Engineer $5. 00 
Head brakeman 4. 25 
Second brakeman 3. 75 
33-ton : 
Engineer 4. 50 
Head brakeman 4. 75 
Second brakeman 3. 75 
The difference in the wages was not due to differences in the work, 
but rather to length of service with the company. 
(b) Maintenance of line (labor): This segregation includes the 
labor cost of keeping all roads in good condition as to surface and 
alignment, keeping ditches open, taking care of slides, and hauling 
and digging gravel. It includes the upkeep of about 6 miles of line. 
During the year a large portion of the track was ballasted with 
gravel, the ballast being secured from the bed of a river with a power 
scraper. There are a large number of heavy cuts, and the formation 
is such that slides occurred frequently during the west season. 
The section foremen were paid $3.50 per day; the hands, $2.50 per 
day. 
(<?) Maintenance of locomotives and cars (labor) : This segregation 
includes the labor cost for repairing 2 locomotives, 20 flat cars, 6 
sets of trucks, and 2 gravel cars. 
