230 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICTTLTTTHE. 
when the car stakes are cut or tripped or the binder chains loosened. 
The remainder are pushed from the cars with logging jacks. 
At one camp where -unloading is done with this method, a crew 
of three men — two brakemen and a dump man — unload eight cars, 
averaging about 7,500 feet to the car. in about 30 minutes. The 
dumping is seldom accomplished in less than 20 minutes, and it 
sometimes takes an hour. The cars are equipped with patent stakes. 
Considerable time is lost because the brow skid is too high. The 
logs average about 2.000 feet in volume. 
TILTING DUilP. 
The tilting dump is used by a few operators. The dump is usually 
built in paired sections, each 40 feet in length, with 30 feet of sta- 
tionary track between. This arrangement permits logs of any length 
to be dumped. Two cars loaded with 40 foot logs can be dumped at 
the same time. TThen the logs are longer, one load is dumped at a 
time, a truck being " spotted " on each of the two sections, which are 
tripped simultaneously. 
Piles capped with timbers form the foundation. The roller tim- 
ber — a stick 42 feet long and 20 inches square — and two stringers, 
supporting a floor of ties and the latch stringers, form the platform 
of the dump. The five latch timbers on each section of the dump 
extend about 2 feet beyond the ties on the land side and are fastened 
down by means of iron latches. This arrangement holds the sec- 
tions level when the loads are run on. The center latch timber, 
which is known as the trip timber, is longer and larger than the 
others, being 36 feet long. 9 by IS inches at one end. and tapering to 
9 by 12 inches at the other, or latch, end. The roller timber works 
on heavy cast-iron chains which rest on the sills. 
The operation is simple. When the cars are spotted, the chains 
taken down, and the latches knocked off. gravity causes the dump to 
revolve 15 degrees on its axis, rolling the logs from the cars. This 
action is due to the fact that the center of the track is placed about 
3 inches froru the center of the roller timber on the water side. The 
dump is brought back into position by the workmen walking out on 
the trip timber. Loads heavy on the land side will not trip the 
dump. Tnder such conditions, the tilting action is started by lifting 
up on the trip timber. Slabs will not always roll off at the inclina- 
tion provided, making it sometimes necessary to use a gin pole and 
parbuckle line. The design of the dump is shown in a general way 
in figures 75 and 76. 
At one camp which uses this method, three men — two brakemen and 
the locomotive fireman — dump the logs at the rate of one car per 2-J- 
minutes. a large part of this time being consumed in taking down and 
