LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 239 
by logging operators before the timber resources of the region under 
discussion were to any extent opened up. Furthermore, this region 
is not traversed by numerous streams suitable for the driving of the 
large timber that is characteristic of the region. Of course, logs are 
frequently dumped into relatively large rivers near their mouths and 
allowed to float singly for short distances to the sorting and rafting 
works. 
Fig. 81. — Stationary-boom unloader. 
Flumes and sluices are used in different regions of the United 
States to transport sawlogs, shingle bolts, crossties, cordwood, pulp- 
wood, mine timbers, and the like from the forest to the mills, drivable 
streams, or railroads. In the Douglas fir region, however, log flumes 
are not used. To the knowledge of the writer only one logging op- 
erator uses one. For this reason a discussion of log fluming has no 
place in this publication. Fluming is dealt with in Bulletin 87 of 
the Department of Agriculture, under the title of "Flumes and 
fluming." 
