240 BULLETIN 711, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
DRIVING. 
The driving of logs on rough water and small streams is practiced 
only to a limited extent in the Douglas fir region, and, excepting a 
few cases, only in the Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor sections. 
Most of the timber so transported is driven on improved streams by 
separate driving companies at fixed rates per thousand feet, the 
driving of timber on unimproved streams being a very primitive 
method, -which is resorted to only to a limited extent. Very little 
National Forest timber has been, or will be, driven in the form of 
sawlogs. 
RATES. 
The following are the driving rates on the Humptulips and Wish- 
kah Rivers in Washington : 
On the Humptulips Kiver all logs 40 feet and under in length 
vary from $0.30 to $0.60 per thousand feet. The airline distance 
ranges from 14 to 34 miles. On logs 42 to 60 feet in length the rate is 
from 45 to 75 cents, and on logs over 60 feet in length the rate is from 
65 to 95 cents. The cost of breaking out landings is borne by the log- 
ging operators. On the Wishkah Eiver the rate for logs 40 feet and 
under in length ranges from 60 to 75 cents per thousand feet. The 
distance is from 15 to 28 miles. On logs 42 to 60 feet in length the 
rate is "from 75 to 90 cents, and on logs over 60 feet in length from 95 
cents to $1.10 per 1,000 feet. A number of splash dams have been 
established on these rivers. 
The driving companies assume charge of all the logs delivered 
afloat in the ponds of the dams or in the bed of the rivers below the 
dams, but, as has been pointed out, not in. the landings. They operate 
their dams, and sluice, drive, and sack all logs in accordance with the 
driving act in the State law. The companies reserve the right to 
select the time when the streams shall be sacked, with the under- 
standing that sacking will continue until all logs are delivered in the 
booms. 
SORTING AND RAFTING. 
It is the common practice of many logging operators to dump 
their logs into large streams or tidewater, so that the logs may be 
sorted, rafted, and towed to the mills. Two forms of rafts are em- 
ployed. In a few cases in the Puget Sound region, the log output is 
dumped into rivers and made up into round, temporary rafts, the 
contents of such rafts being made into permanent rafts when they are 
delivered to tidewater. Practically all rafted logs, however, are made 
into permanent rafts at the unloading point. 
SORTING. 
In the early history of lumbering in the region, logs were bought 
and sold on the basis of "camp run;" that is, a logging operator 
