LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIE REGION. 
249 
tion, such as supervision of the operation as a whole, office ex- 
penses, taxes, selling costs, and miscellaneous items like cruising and 
fire protection. This classification has not been standardized, and 
different items of expense are included in it. 
General expenses are the most easily overlooked of any in making 
a timber appraisal. Their inclusion in the calculation is as im- 
portant, however, as the cost of felling and bucking. The principal 
general expense charge is general superintendence. 
WOODS SUPERVISION. 
Many operators include in woods supervision all the supervision 
of the logging operation from the woods to the raft or mill, also cer- 
tain general expenses around the camp, such as the pay of the book- 
keeper, timekeeper, scaler, logging engineer, night watchman, etc. 
Other operators prorate such expenses against the major departments 
of the logging operation. As a rule the salary of the logging super- 
intendent or manager does not appear under this heading. The 
salaries of the foreman, bookkeeper, timekeeper, etc., are given under 
the heading " Logging in general." 
FIXED CHARGES. 
SUPERINTENDENCE. 
In the main the industry is not burdened with a superabundance 
of general salaried help ; and low salaries for managers and logging 
superintendents, considering the character of the work and the capital 
invested, are the rule. 
The cost of superintendence per thousand feet varies from 7 to 
20 cents. The cost of superintendence and commissions in the case 
of twenty camps in the Puget Sound region and ten camps in the 
Columbia River region is as follows, commissions including the 
amounts paid' by some of the operators to an association or individual 
for selling the logs : 
Number of camps. 
Cost per 
thousand 
feet. 
Puget Sound region: 
Cents. 
7 to 10 
11 to 15 
16 to 20 
8 to 10 
11 to 15 
16 to 20 
6 
7 
Columbia River re- 
gion: 
4 
3 
3 
The camp of one independent logging operation running four 
sides is in charge of a foreman who receives $200 per month. The 
general superintendence of the whole operation, including the dis- 
