252 BULLETIN 111, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
ticed in cutting private stumpage. The cost of this extra work 
varies from 8 to 15 cents per thousand feet. 
TOTAL COST OF LOGGING AT ONE OPERATION. 
The following deals with the cost of logging at a rather large 
operation in the Pacific Northwest during 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, 
Unless otherwise noted the discussion following the tables applies to 
1912. It is impossible to discuss all the costs given. For the most 
part, the classifications are those of the operator. 
CHARACTER OF COUNTRY. 
Part of the area logged during 1912 is shown in figure 20. The 
country is mountainous, rough, and badly broken. The slopes in 
general are steep. No rock outcrops or cliffs were encountered. 
The streams are not of drivable size, but are so located as to make 
it unnecessary to pump water for long distances. 
SOIL. 
The soil is sandy loam with a clay subsoil. It drains poorly, 
making it necessary to gravel-ballast all spur railroads used for a 
year, also those used during the wet season. Practically all the bal- 
last was hauled 3 miles. 
OUTPUT. 
The output for 1912 was as follows : 
Species. 
Scale. 
Number 
of logs. 
Contents 
of average 
log. 
Feet 5. m. 
32, 204, 222 
829, 157 
2, 868, 684 
1,886,065 
14, 369 
494 
2,665 
2,301 
Feet b. m. 
2,241 
1,667 
Cedar 
1,076 
819 
Total. 
37, 788, 128 
19, 829 
Number of machine days 531 
Average scale per operating day, feet b. m 151, 797 
Average scale per yarding engine per yarding day, feet b. m 71. 164 
Average number of logs per yarding engine per yarding day 37 
Average scale per log, feet b. m 1, 904 
Number of cars loaded 5,099 
Average scale per car 7, 410 
