THE GEAPE LEAFHOPPEE IN THE LAKE ERIE VALLEY. 43 
vines for the remainder of the season by those that escape the spray 
action will be very slight. 
In the vineyards of Ohio, west of Cleveland, and in the vineyards 
of Michigan another species of grape leaf hopper, Typhlocyba tricincta 
(figs. 6 and 7, pp. 10, 11), is the predominant and destructive species. 
The life history and habits of this species, however, are so nearly 
identical with those of Typhlocyba comes that the remedial treatment 
recommended for the latter can also be used with success against the 
former, namely, the application of the tobacco-extract spray to the 
nymphs at the time they appear in maximum numbers upon the 
underside of the grape leaves, which for these States is during the 
last few days in June or very early in July. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
1825. Say, Thomas. Descriptions of new hemipterous insects collected in the 
expedition to the Rocky Mountains. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 4, 
pp. 307-345. 
Description of T. comes, p. 343. 
1828. Fessendex, T. G. New American Gardener, pp. 299-300. Boston. 
Brief description of the grape leafhopper and its injury to the grapevine. Remedy: Smoking 
vines with tobacco stalks. 
1841. Harris, T. W. Report on the insects of Massachusetts injurious to vegetation, 
pp. 182-185. Cambridge. 
"The leaf-hoppers (Tettigoniadae)." Description, life history, habits, injury to grapevines. 
1843. Allex, J. F. Practical treatise on the grape vine, p. 154. 
Brief mention. Remedies: Syringing with tobacco water, or smoking with tobacco stalks. 
1848. Horticulturist [Downing], vol. 3, pp. 28-29. 
Brief mention. Remedy: Tobacco water. 
1855. Glover, Towxend, Report of the [U. S.] Commissioner of patents for 1854. 
Agriculture, pp. 77-78. 
"The vine-hopper." Habits of insect, injury to grapevines. Remedy: Fumigation with 
tobacco. 
1856. Fitch, Asa. Third report on * * * the insects of * * * New York, 
pp. 391-393. 
"Vine leaf hoppers." Brief descriptions of Typhlocyba, Erythroneura, and Empoa. Discus- 
sion of injury to grapevines. 
1864. Walsh, B. D. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,, vol. 9, pp. 317-318. 
"Erythroneura." Description of three species and mention that E. vitis Harris, E. vulnerata 
Fitch, E. vitifex Fitch, and E. tricincta Fitch belong to this genus. 
1867. Walsh, B. D. Pract. Ent., vol. 2, pp. 49-52. 
"The true thrips and the bogus thrips." Explaining difference in appearance and habits of 
true thrips and the grapevine leafhopper. 
1868. Bethune, C. J. S. Canadian Farmer, vol. 5, p. 7. 
"Grape-vine tree-hopper ( Tettigonia vitis Harris)." Description, habits, injury. Remedies: 
Dusting with sulphur and lime; fumigating with tobacco. 
1869. Walsh, B. D., and Riley, C. V., eds. Amer. Ent., vol. 1, p. 227. 
"Grapevine leaf-hopper." Brief note recommending syringing with strong tobacco water. 
1870. Saunders, William. Report of the Fruit Growers Assn., Ont., for 1870, pp. 
111-113. 
"The thrips (so-called) (Tettigonia vitis, Harris)." Life history, habits, injury. Remedies: 
Syringing with tobacco water, soapsuds, dusting with hellebore, fumigating with tobacco. 
