THE GRAPE LEAFHOPPER IN THE LAKE EEIE VALLEY. 
15 
Fig. 10. — The grape leafhopper: a and b, Eggs, par- 
tially shown under pubescence; c, egg brought 
into view; d, greatly enlarged egg. All enlarged. 
(Original.) 
molt, may vary anywhere from 3 to 15. The majority of the nymphs, 
however, complete the stage in from 3 to 5 days. 
Second stage. — In the second nymphal stage the insect becomes 
more active. The eyes lose some of their red color and the body 
assumes a yellowish tint, and at the base of the thorax there appear 
signs of the wing pads in the form 
of lateral buds. The length of 
this stage may vary from 1 to 7 
days. The majority of nymphs 
complete the stage in 3 to 4 days. 
TMrd stage. — The insect in the 
third stage moves about very ac- 
tively when disturbed, running 
with a sidewise motion. Very 
rarely can one be made to hop for 
even the shortest distance. The 
red has disappeared from the eyes, 
and the yellow markings on the 
thorax have now become quite pronounced. The wing pads extend 
to about the caudal margin of the first abdominal segment. This 
stage may occupy from 1 to 11 days. In most cases from 4 to 6 days 
is required. 
Fourtli stage. — In the fourth stage the spines on the segments of the 
thorax and on the legs 
are more pronounced, 
and the wing pads now 
extend to the caudal 
margin of the second ab- 
dominal segment. This 
stage may occupy from 3 
to 13 days, although the 
majority of nymphs com- 
plete it in 3 to 7 days. 
Fifth stage. — In the 
fifth stage the wing pads 
are considerably length- 
ened, extending to about 
the middle of the fourth 
abdominal segment. 
The legs are much longer, 
and the insect runs very rapidly. This stage may cover from 4 to 20 
days. The majority complete it in from 6 to 9 days. 
The total length of time required to complete the nymphal stages, 
from hatching to the last molt, when the mature insect has fully 
developed wings, may vary from 19 to 37 days. 
Fig. 11. — Anal segments of female grape leafhopper and details: 
a, Anal segments; b, ovipositor in oviposition; c, sheaths of ovi- 
positor; d, sting. Greatly enlarged. (Original.) 
