THE GRAPE LEAFHOPPEE IN THE LAKE EEIE VALLEY. 6 
study by Prof. C. W. Woodworth. In 1901 Slingerland made a very 
complete study of the life history of the eastern form, TypMocyba 
comes Say, and of remedial measures for its control, in the vineyards 
of Chautauqua County, N. Y., publishing the results in 1904. In 
1908 Prof. H. J. Quayle conducted a similarly thorough investiga- 
tion of the western form in the vineyards of California. Investiga- 
tions of more recent date have been carried on in Chautauqua 
County, N. Y., by F. Z. Hartzell, in 1912, and by the Bureau of 
Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, at North 
East, Pa. (See Johnson, 1911 and 1912, in Bibliography.) 
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION. 
Since Typhlocyba comes and its several varieties are of common 
occurrence on native grapevines in the wild state almost everywhere 
that the grapevine is found throughout the United States and Canada, 
and since this species is not recorded as occurring in Europe, it is 
doubtless a native American species. 
It was first recorded from Missouri in 1825, and since that date 
it has been reported as occurring in destructive numbers in nearly 
eveiy State in which cultivated grapevines are grown, either in a 
commercial way or for home use. The following statement by 
Slingerland in regard to its occurrence is taken from Bulletin 215 
of the Cornell Experiment Station, pages 84-85: 
In nearly all discussions of the insect enemies of the grape during the past seventy- 
five years, the grape leaf hopper has been put in the front rank with the most destruc- 
tive ones. The records show that it has deserved a prominent place in the rogues' 
gallery of grape pests in Massachusetts since 1828, in New York since 1856, in Illinois 
since 1871, in Michigan and California since 1875, in Ohio since 1888, and in New 
Mexico, Colorado, North Carolina and Minnesota since 1890. Destructive local 
outbreaks have also occurred in other States. 
FOOD PLANTS. 
During the growing season of the grapevine the grape leafhopper 
apparently confines its attacks entirely to the foliage of this plant. 
Early in the spring, however, before the grape leaves commence to 
unfold, the adult leafhoppers feed on the new foliage of almost any 
and all plants with which they come in contact, whether it be the 
foliage of trees and shrubs in woodlands or the weeds and grasses in the 
more open sod and pasture lands. The following is a list of trees, 
shrubs, and weeds the foliage of which showed evidence- of feeding 
by the adults in the spring of 1912: Beech, maple, wild cherry, wild 
apple, hawthorn, dogwood, wild plum, hornbeam, hackberry, honey- 
suckle, wild grape, Virginia creeper, raspberry, thimbleberry, black- 
berry, strawberry, goldenrod, nettles, wild columbine, and a great 
variety of weeds and grasses. Along ravines and woodlands border- 
ing badly infested vineyards, where large numbers of the adults 
