26 
erally varies from 40 to 75 cents, while grading in solid rock may 
sometimes cost as much as $1.50 per cubic yard. It is well to con- 
sider the cost of the rough grading entirely apart from the cost of 
the pavement. The drainage structures, however, may be consid- 
ered together with the grading. The cost of these varies over such a 
wide range that no attempt will be made to discuss them here. 
The cost of shaping and rolling the subgrade after the rough grad- 
ing is completed is generally from 5 to 10 cents per square yard. 
This cost should be included with the other items which make up 
the cost of the pavement proper. 
The cost of the concrete depends largely on the cost of the ma- 
terials of which it is composed. These materials, delivered on the 
work, vary in cost according to the location of the work and the 
freight rates about as follows : Cement, from $1 to $2.50 per barrel ; 
sand, from $0.60 to $2 per cubic yard ; and broken stone or gravel, 
from $0.60 to $2 per cubic yard." The cost of mixing, placing, and 
finishing the concrete ordinarily varies from $0.60 to $1.25 per cubic 
yard, and depends on the efficiency of the organization and on 
whether the mixing is done by hand or machine. For machine mix- 
ing and labor at $0.20 per hour, $0.80 appears to be a fair average 
cost per cubic yard, including all overhead and incidental charges. 
The cost of constructing forms, contraction joints, etc., including the 
materials, is usually from $0.03 to $0.10 per square yard. Where sim- 
ple types of joints and forms are used this cost should not exceed 
about $0.05 per square yard of pavement. 
The following actual cost records taken from the 1912 annual re- 
ports of the Illinois State Highway Commission should prove help- 
ful in estimating the cost of new work. These records do not appear 
to include any charges for the use of tools and machinery, but such 
charges should properly be included in preparing an estimate. 
Table II. — Cost of concrete roads in, Illinois. 
Project No. 1. 
Project No. 2. 
Project No. 3. 
Labor and supplies. 
Totals. 
Per 
square 
yard. 
Totals. 
Per 
square 
yard. 
Totals. 
Per 
square 
yard. 
8140. 00 
307. 41 
267.34 
414. 63 
110. 26 
1,017.63 
1,547.15 
48.67 
30.75 
35.00 
45.18 
$0. 028 
.061 
.053 
.0S3 
.022 
.204 
.309 
.010 
.006 
.007 
.010 
$157. 50 
108. 70 
795. 05 
700.58 
131.46 
741.00 
2,307.90 
112.40 
25.00 
31.75 
SO. 0220 
.0153 
.1120 
.0986 
.0184 
.1050 
.3246 
.0156 
.0034 
.0047 
$202. 00 
232. 44 
603. 50 
644. 25 
383. 75 
1,622.01 
1,551.17 
206. 74 
119. 19 
18.33 
$0. 0361 
.0415 
Loading and hauling sand and stone 
.1078 
.1150 
Watchman and miscellaneous labor 
.0686 
.2S97 
.2772 
.0369 
Coal and oil for mixer, and miscellaneous 
.0213 
.0033 
Filling expansion joints next to curbs 
100.00 
591. 73 
.0140 
.0840 
211. 38 
.0378 
Totals 
3,964.02 
.793 
5, 803. 07 
.8176 
5, 794. 75 
1. 0352 
